IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
這篇筆記：整理我 50 篇批改作文與筆記裡最常被改的文法錯誤：單複數、冠詞、介係詞、if 條件句、主詞動詞一致、時態與逗點串句，每個都附真實錯句、改法與檢查清單。
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看
寫作從 6.5 到 7.0 的那段時間，我每天最常看到的不是「論點不夠好」，而是一句句被圈起來的小地方：少了一個 s、多了一個 the、介係詞用錯、一個逗點把兩個句子硬接在一起。這些錯一個一個看都很小，但一篇 300 字的作文裡出現十幾個，文法那一項（Grammatical Range and Accuracy，以下簡稱 GRA）就很難上 7。
這篇把我在 Google 文件筆記裡的「文法大補帖」、作文訂正（大寫是改過的字，括號裡是我原本的寫法），以及 2024 年 5–7 月送出批改的 50 篇作文原稿，整理成一份「我最常錯的文法清單」。所有 ✗ 例句都是我當時真的寫出來的句子，✓ 是改法。建議大家邊看邊想：這個錯我是不是也常犯？
一、為什麼文法會把寫作卡在 6.5？
先看數字。那 50 篇裡，GRA 拿到 6 的有 4 篇：Gap year（試改）、Advertising（試改 3）、醫院地圖題（Task 19）、Porth Harbour 地圖題（Task 33），其餘大多是 7，少數 8。也就是說，我的文法其實不是「很差」，而是「穩定地有一些錯」，剛好卡在 6 和 7 的邊界。
| 小分 | 公開評分標準的重點（我的理解） | 對我來說代表什麼 |
|---|---|---|
| GRA 6 | 簡單句和複雜句混用，但複雜句的錯比較多；文法和標點有錯，但很少影響理解 | 我那幾篇 6 分，錯誤集中在單複數、主詞動詞一致、句子少動詞 |
| GRA 7 | 使用多種複雜結構，經常寫出完全沒錯的句子，文法和標點控制得好，但仍可能有少數錯 | 重點是「沒錯的句子要占多數」，不是用很難的句型 |
| GRA 8 | 大部分句子沒有錯，只有非常偶爾的小失誤 | 要靠交卷前的檢查，把低級錯誤清乾淨 |
我的分析是：GRA 6 跟 7 的差別，不在於你會不會寫分詞構句或倒裝句，而在於「錯誤句子的比例」。我早期很愛寫長句，例如「…, providing…, further leading to…, which…」，句子一長，主詞是單數還是複數、動詞有沒有加 s、逗點該不該斷，就很容易出錯。後來我改成「長短句交錯、每個長句寫完回頭檢查主詞動詞」，錯誤率明顯下降。
學姊提醒：文法分數看的是整篇。與其花時間背更難的句型，不如先把下面這幾類「每篇都會錯」的地方修好，CP 值最高。
二、單複數：each/every、people are、不可數名詞
1. each / every 後面接單數名詞＋單數動詞
這是我筆記裡第一條，也是我一直重複犯的錯。規則很簡單：each、every 後面接單數名詞，動詞也用單數。兩個例外要記：
- Each of + 複數名詞：名詞要複數，但動詞仍然用單數。Each of us has a wonderful time.（不是 have）
- every + 數字 + 時間：可以接複數。My mother has to visit the hospital every five weeks.
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） | 錯在哪 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ I am going to discuss why each views have its own opponents. | ✓ why each view has its own supporters | each 後名詞、動詞都要單數；opponents 也用錯，原意是「支持者」 |
| ✗ it is mendatory for each students to study for more than a decade | ✓ it is mandatory for each student / for all students | 想用複數就改 all，不要 each＋複數 |
| ✗ the frequent trade between nations make each businesses more difficult to hold the market share | ✓ makes it more difficult for each business to hold its market share | 另外主詞 trade 是單數，動詞要 makes |
2. people 是複數：people are，不是 people is
people 本身就是複數（一個人是 a person），所以後面一定是 are / have / do。中文沒有這種變化，寫快的時候特別容易漏。同類型的還有 those who 後面接複數動詞、the elderly（指老年人這個族群）接複數動詞。
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） |
|---|---|
| ✗ since people is so busy to search the functions or characters of goods（試改 3） | ✓ since people are too busy to search for the functions and features of goods |
| ✗ those who is poorer or work for unsatisfactory job（Task 1） | ✓ those who are poorer or work in unsatisfactory jobs |
| ✗ the old people tends to make an appointment with the doctors | ✓ older people tend to see their doctors on a regular basis |
3. 不可數名詞：不能加 s、不能直接加 a
這一類是我被改最多次的。下面這張表是我自己整理的「不可數黑名單」，左邊是我寫錯的樣子，右邊是正確用法。特別是 advertising、information、police、research，大作文的出現率很高。
| 名詞 | 我寫錯的樣子 | 正確用法 | 要表達「很多／一個」怎麼辦 |
|---|---|---|---|
| advertising（廣告業／廣告活動） | — | Advertising is a key tool… | 要講「一則一則的廣告」改用 advertisement(s) |
| information | ✗ do not believe those information on advertisement | ✓ do not believe the information in advertisements | pieces of information / a great deal of information |
| police | ✗ Polices, firefighters, and soldiers | ✓ Police officers, firefighters and soldiers | police 是集合名詞，本身當複數：The police are… |
| time（時間） | ✗ spend a tremendous time using smartphones | ✓ spend a tremendous amount of time | a great deal of time / hours |
| money | ✗ which always costs thousands of money（Task 15） | ✓ costs thousands of dollars | a large amount of money / a certain amount of money |
| research | ✗ various research say（Task 7） | ✓ various studies show / research shows | 要可數就換 study / studies |
| knowledge | ✗ teach those related knowledges | ✓ teach the relevant knowledge | a body of knowledge |
| advice | ✗ asked for the advices with regard to their career | ✓ asked the elderly for career advice | a piece of advice / suggestions |
| productivity | ✗ most workers’ productivities decrease | ✓ most workers’ productivity decreases | — |
| infrastructure | ✗ to construct infrastructures | ✓ to build infrastructure | 通常用單數形 |
| pollution | ✗ it creates pollutions | ✓ it creates pollution | air and water pollution（用種類區分） |
| legislation / prison（機構意義） | — | be sent to prison、legislation is… | laws（可數） |
學姊提醒：看到「資訊、研究、知識、建議、廣告業、生產力、基礎建設、汙染、警察」這九個字，先停一秒問自己：可以加 s 嗎？答案都是不行（police 是本身當複數）。我把這九個字寫在筆記本第一頁，每篇交卷前掃一次。
4. 反過來：這些字「要加 s」
另一種錯是該加 s 的沒加。我筆記裡的「可以加 S」清單，大多是「概念上本來就不只一個」的名詞。Task 2 很常用到：
| 常漏 s 的字 | 例句（✓） | 我原本寫的 |
|---|---|---|
| consequences / effects | it results in negative consequences for the public | Task 25 寫 negative consequences to the public（s 對了，介係詞要改 for） |
| salaries / incomes / payments | households with lower incomes；receive higher payments | households with lower income（Task 21） |
| qualifications | jobs that require high academic qualifications | jobs require high academic qualification（Task 25） |
| environments | people who work in dangerous environments | work in dangerous environment（Task 25、試改） |
| lives | in their personal and professional lives | in our personal live |
| shocks / bills / costs | external shocks、pay their bills、maintenance costs | external shock、their bill、maintenance cost |
| greenhouse gases | greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide | greenhouse gas likes carbon dioxide |
還有一個常見陷阱：a sense of belonging（歸屬感）的 belonging 不加 s。我在 Task 17 寫成 build sense of belongings，冠詞和 s 一次錯兩個。belongings 加 s 是「隨身物品」的意思，意思完全不同。
三、冠詞：the Internet、the younger generation，以及不該加 the 的字
冠詞是中文母語者的大魔王，因為中文完全沒有這個東西。我後來不再試圖「懂所有規則」，而是把大作文最常出現的名詞分成三類直接背。
| 類別 | 要加 the | 不要加 the | 要加 a / an |
|---|---|---|---|
| 固定搭配 | the Internet、the environment（指大自然）、the government、the public | society（泛指社會）、nature、technology（泛指） | a sense of belonging、a financial burden、a wide range of |
| 族群 | the younger generation、the older generation、the elderly、the financially disadvantaged | young people、older people（複數泛指） | — |
| 抽象名詞 | 後面有 of 限定時：the mental well-being of workers、the competitiveness of society | productivity、unfairness、pollution、education（泛指時） | a higher salary、a fair salary |
| 專有名詞 | the National History Museum（有 Museum / University 這類普通名詞） | COVID-19、Taiwan、Facebook、YouTube | — |
我的真實錯誤與改法
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ a good choice for younger generation（試改） | ✓ a good choice for the younger generation | 族群名稱要 the |
| ✗ National History Museum in Taiwan, which is free of charge（Task 21） | ✓ The National History Museum in Taiwan | 機構名稱含普通名詞，前面加 the |
| ✗ The COVID-19, which influenced worldwide（Task 23） | ✓ COVID-19, which affected the whole world | 疾病名稱不加 the；influence 是及物動詞，要有受詞 |
| ✗ the importance of art in the society（Task 21） | ✓ the importance of art in society | 泛指整個社會，不加 the |
| ✗ undeniably leading to an unfairness（試改） | ✓ undeniably leading to unfairness | unfairness 是抽象不可數名詞 |
| ✗ results in financial burden of museums | ✓ results in a financial burden for museums | burden 是可數名詞，要 a；介係詞用 for / on |
| ✗ leading to a higher productivity | ✓ leading to higher productivity | productivity 不加冠詞 |
| ✗ do not get fair salary | ✓ do not get a fair salary | salary 可數 |
學姊提醒：不確定要不要加冠詞時，我會問自己兩個問題：①這個名詞可數嗎？可數單數一定要有 a/the/所有格。②讀者知道我在講「哪一個」嗎？知道就用 the，不知道就用 a 或複數。這兩題問完，九成的冠詞都能決定。
四、介係詞與動詞搭配：最容易「中文直翻」的地方
介係詞的錯幾乎都來自中文直翻：「在職場上」就寫 on the workplace、「在這個星球上」就寫 in this planet。我的筆記裡有一整頁「不是 X，是 Y」的對照，整理如下：
| 正確說法 | 我曾經寫成 | 中文意思／記法 |
|---|---|---|
| in the workplace | on the workplace | 職場被想成一個「空間」，用 in |
| on this planet | in this planet | 在地球「表面」上，用 on |
| in the entertainment industry | on entertainment industries | 在某個產業裡 |
| on a regular basis / on a daily basis | on a regular basic、on daily basic | 是 basis（基礎）不是 basic（基本的），前面要 a |
| put emphasis on | put emphasis（漏 on） | emphasis 是名詞，需要 on 接受詞 |
| overemphasize ＋受詞（不加介係詞） | overemphasize on appearance（Task 25） | emphasize 是及物動詞，直接接受詞 |
| search for information | search the functions | search X 是「搜查 X 這個地方」，找東西要 search for |
| the information in advertisements | information on advertisement | 內容「在」廣告裡 |
| distract sb from sth | distract sb to | 從某事分心 |
| major contributors to | major contributors in | contribute to 的名詞也是 to |
| concentrate on / focus on | concentrate in | 專注「在」某事上 |
| deprive A of B | — | 剝奪 A 的 B（depriving them of the chance to…） |
| be allocated to studying | be assigned to study | 這裡的 to 是介係詞，後面接 V-ing |
| pay attention to ＋ V-ing | pay attention to study | 同上，to 是介係詞 |
| pose a threat to | post a threat on / pose a threat on | 是 pose 不是 post；threat 接 to |
| benefit from free entrance to museums | free entrance of museums | 進入某地方用 entrance to |
| the demand for each product | the demand of each product | demand for 需求 |
| residents of a number of nations | residents from… | 某地的居民 |
| face uncertainty（不加 with） | face with the uncertainty（Task 23） | face 當動詞直接接受詞；be faced with 才有 with |
| help sb do sth | help them to find | 不是錯，但 help 後直接接原形更自然、更省字 |
另外兩個我很常混淆的組合也一起記：result in（導致，後面接結果）vs. result from（源自，後面接原因）；take X into consideration（不是 put X into consideration）。
五、if 條件句：三種句型與我寫錯的地方
if 條件句在大作文很好用，可以寫「如果政府這樣做，就會…」的推論。我筆記裡整理了三種常用句型：
| 類型 | 句型 | 例句 | 什麼時候用 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 真實條件（最常用） | If + S + 現在式, S + will + V | If the government raises taxes on sugary drinks, consumption will probably fall. | 大作文推論「政策的可能結果」，九成情況用這個 |
| 與現在事實相反 | If + S + 過去式, S + would + V | If I were rich, I would travel around the world. | 假設不太可能發生的狀況 |
| 與過去事實相反 | If + S + had + p.p., S + would have + p.p. | If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. | 用個人經驗舉例：「要不是當年…，我就會…」 |
第三種句型是我舉個人例子時用的。我在一篇關於「政府經費應不應該只給理科」的作文裡，就用了這個句型，大意是「如果當時政府沒有平等補助各科，我就只能放棄夢想」，結構是 I would have been forced to give up my dream if … had not been …，前後時態都對上了。下面用同樣的骨架寫一句示範：
示範：I would have had to abandon my plan to study abroad if I had not received a government scholarship.
我在 if 句裡真正犯的錯：if 子句少了 be 動詞
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） |
|---|---|
| ✗ if they unable to earn money from visitors（Task 21） | ✓ if they are unable to earn money from visitors |
| ✗ if we willing to try newer or dangerous things | ✓ if we are willing to try new or dangerous things |
| ✗ If workers enable to spend quality holiday | ✓ If workers are able to spend quality holidays |
| ✗ If the government rises the petrol price | ✓ If the government raises the petrol price |
前兩句是同一個毛病：形容詞（unable、willing）不能自己當動詞，前面一定要有 be 動詞；第三句則是把動詞 enable 和形容詞 able 搞混。第四句是 rise / raise 混用：rise 是不及物（價格自己上升），raise 是及物（政府「把」價格調高）。
六、主詞動詞一致：主詞一長就忘記
主詞動詞一致（subject–verb agreement）在我的作文裡最常出現在兩種情況：主詞很長，或主詞是動名詞。訣竅是找出主詞裡真正的「頭」，把修飾語都先遮起來。
| 我寫的（✗） | 真正的主詞 | 改法（✓） |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ Advertisements is beneficial to some extent.（試改 3） | Advertisements（複數） | ✓ Advertisements are beneficial |
| ✗ if a person keep seeing an item’s picture（試改 3） | a person（單數） | ✓ if a person keeps seeing |
| ✗ A wide range of illness, especially mental diseases, are good examples（Task 7） | illness → 改 illnesses | ✓ A wide range of illnesses … are good examples |
| ✗ most of the information residents want to know are available（Task 17） | information（不可數） | ✓ most of the information … is available |
| ✗ taking risks grant people more opportunities | taking risks（動名詞＝單數） | ✓ taking risks grants |
| ✗ Similarity, doing uncontrollable behaviors in our private life make us… | doing…（動名詞＝單數） | ✓ Similarly, behaving recklessly in our private lives makes us… |
| ✗ having houses are so important for some Taiwanese people | having houses（動名詞＝單數） | ✓ owning a house is so important |
| ✗ expenditure likes the salary … and maintenance cost is undoubtedly high（Task 21） | expenses … and maintenance costs（複數） | ✓ expenses such as staff salaries and maintenance costs are high |
還有一組要分清楚：a number of + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞（很多…）；the number of + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞（…的數量）。例如 A number of students are…；The number of students is increasing.
句子缺動詞：比主詞動詞不一致更嚴重
有時候不是動詞形態錯，而是根本少了動詞，讀起來就是一個沒寫完的句子。這類錯誤在 GRA 6 的篇目裡特別多：
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） |
|---|---|
| ✗ it is frequently been ignored（試改 3） | ✓ it is frequently ignored / it has frequently been ignored |
| ✗ Those opposed to the usage of driverless vehicles due to the following two reasons.（Task 15） | ✓ Those who oppose driverless vehicles do so for two reasons. |
| ✗ a number of sugary products still be sold in the markets（Task 7） | ✓ a number of sugary products will still be sold |
| ✗ two types of jobs need to paid highly（Task 25） | ✓ two types of jobs need to be paid highly |
| ✗ a city road, which located in the southern part（Task 19） | ✓ a city road, which was located in the south |
| ✗ A hotel is replaced the castle（Task 33） | ✓ A hotel has replaced the castle / The castle has been replaced by a hotel |
學姊提醒：被動語態的公式是「be + 過去分詞」，兩個零件缺一不可。我筆記裡寫的是：MODAL VERB（may / could / would）+ BE + PAST PARTICIPLE。寫到 will be sold、can be reduced、has been replaced 時，手指點一下 be 有沒有在。
七、時態：論點用現在式，事件用過去式
大作文的時態其實很單純：論點用現在簡單式（一般事實與看法），描述趨勢用現在完成式（has risen、has become），舉過去發生的具體事件用過去式。我會錯，通常是在舉例時寫著寫著跳回現在式。
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ Taiwanese factories lose the whole market share after Chinese rice has been imported. | ✓ Taiwanese factories lost their market share after Chinese rice was imported. | 在講已經發生的事，前後都用過去式 |
| ✗ most of small and median corporations do have ability to overcome the difficulties when the pandemic happened.（Task 23） | ✓ most small and medium-sized companies did not have the ability to overcome the difficulties when the pandemic hit. | 疫情是過去事件；而且原句漏了 not，意思整個相反 |
| ✗ To put it another way, children lost opportunities to enhance their social skills. | ✓ children lose opportunities to develop their social skills | 這裡是一般論點，用現在式 |
| ✗ In 2000, … there are two spaces for fishing boats and marina（Task 33） | ✓ In 2000, … there were two areas for fishing boats and a marina | 小作文地圖題的過去年份要用過去式 |
小作文地圖題特別要注意：過去的地圖用過去式，「現在」的地圖用現在式或現在完成式（has been replaced）。我的兩篇地圖題 GRA 都只有 6，時態和被動語態混亂是主因之一。
八、逗點串句（run-on）：一個逗點撐不起兩個句子
逗點串句（comma splice / run-on sentence）是指用一個逗點把兩個完整句子接在一起。中文可以一路逗點到底，英文不行。我寫長句時最常犯，而且自己讀的時候完全不覺得有問題。
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） |
|---|---|
| ✗ I firmly believe that this is a negative development, this is because it not only reduces…（Task 6） | ✓ I firmly believe that this is a negative development because it not only reduces… |
| ✗ Traveling by airplanes may cause pollution or fuel consumption, however, if air travel is limited, tourists may need to travel by automobiles… | ✓ Air travel may cause pollution; however, if it is restricted, tourists may need to travel by car… |
| ✗ Infrastructure like hospitals and schools are all well-established, after the new housing is built, people can live in immediately. | ✓ Infrastructure such as hospitals and schools is already well established. Therefore, people can move in as soon as the new housing is built. |
| ✗ the arts are an essential part for many people of their daily life, if the government decreases the expenditure on arts, an array of people will find it difficult… | ✓ the arts are an essential part of many people’s daily lives. If the government cuts arts spending, many people will find it difficult… |
修法只有四種，記起來就好：
| 修法 | 例子 | 適合情況 |
|---|---|---|
| ① 句號斷開 | A. B. | 兩句關係不緊密，或句子已經很長 |
| ② 分號 | A; B. / A; however, B. | 兩句關係緊密；however、therefore 前面用分號，不是逗點 |
| ③ 對等連接詞 | A, and / but / so B. | 簡單的並列或轉折 |
| ④ 改成從屬子句 | Because A, B. / A because B. | 有因果、條件、時間關係 |
學姊提醒：看到 however、therefore、hence、moreover 前面是逗點，而且前後都是完整句子，就是逗點串句。這些是「副詞」，不是連接詞，沒有接合兩個句子的能力。我交卷前會專門用眼睛掃這四個字。
九、其他高頻小錯：so…that、it is wise、副詞位置、拼字
1. so … that 後面一定要有主詞
這句我寫了不下十次：「…is so imperative that should not be ignored」。so…that 後面接的是完整子句，缺了主詞 it。
✗ global warming is so imperative that should not be ignored（Task 3）
✓ global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored
✗ since the importance of children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored（Task 45）
✓ since children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored
✓ global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored
✗ since the importance of children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored（Task 45）
✓ since children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored
第二句的主詞動詞都對了，但「the importance of … is so important」是語意重複（重要性很重要）。直接用 children’s education 當主詞就好。另外 imperative 通常用在 It is imperative that / to…（勢在必行），拿來形容「問題很嚴重」並不自然，用 serious、pressing 更準確。
2. it is wise，不是 it is wisely
| ✗ | ✓ | 規則 |
|---|---|---|
| it is more wisely not to restrict… | it is wiser not to restrict… | be 動詞後面接形容詞 |
| It is wisely for retired people to use… | It is wise for retired people to use… | 同上 |
| it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it | it is likely that they will purchase it | it is + 形容詞 + that；而且 undoubtedly 語氣太滿 |
| makes students easier to adapt to changes | makes it easier for students to adapt | easy 的主詞是「事情」不是「人」 |
| workers who study different subjects are easier to find another job | it is easier for such workers to find another job | 同上（中文「比較容易找工作」直翻） |
3. 副詞位置：放在一般動詞前、be 動詞和助動詞後
✗ the competitiveness of society will increase undoubtedly.
✓ the competitiveness of society will undoubtedly increase.
✓ She will certainly succeed.
✓ the competitiveness of society will undoubtedly increase.
✓ She will certainly succeed.
4. when / while 分詞構句
| ✗ | ✓ |
|---|---|
| When workers participating in these activities, … | When workers participate in these activities, … |
| — | When participating in these activities, workers …（主詞相同才能省略） |
5. 拼字與易混淆字
拼字錯在評分上屬於詞彙（LR）的問題，但它跟文法一樣是「交卷前檢查就能救」的錯，一起列在這裡：
| 我寫的 | 正確 | 備註 |
|---|---|---|
| well-bring | well-being | 試改裡出現 3 次 |
| basic（on a regular basic） | basis | 名詞 vs 形容詞 |
| post a threat | pose a threat | 一字之差意思完全不同 |
| leaved students | school leavers / high school graduates | leave 的過去分詞是 left，而且題目本身就給了 school leavers |
| median corporations | medium-sized companies | median 是統計的中位數 |
| own their poverty | own their property | 拼錯變成「擁有貧窮」 |
| reaching prices | winning prizes | price 價格／prize 獎 |
| satisfice our health | sacrifice our health | 筆記裡特地寫了：sacrifice 犧牲 / satisfice 滿意 |
| Similarity, … | Similarly, … | 名詞 vs 副詞 |
| flexiable、brillant、mendatory | flexible、brilliant、mandatory | 平常就要多看幾次 |
| infrastructure、vacancy、metropolitan、agricultural | （我筆記裡的「會拼錯的單字」） | 考前抄寫三次 |
十、交卷前 3 分鐘的文法檢查清單＋怎麼練
知道錯在哪是一回事，考場上能不能避免是另一回事。我最後兩個月的做法是：每篇寫完留 3 分鐘，只做「機械式掃描」，不再改內容。掃描的順序如下：
| 順序 | 掃什麼 | 我會特別看的字 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 每個名詞：可數不可數？單數有沒有冠詞？複數有沒有 s？ | information、advertising、research、time、money、people、generation |
| 2 | 每個動詞：主詞是誰？三單有沒有 s？被動有沒有 be？ | 長主詞、動名詞主詞、the number of / a number of |
| 3 | 每個 however / therefore / hence 前面 | 是不是逗點串句？改分號或句號 |
| 4 | 每個 so…that、if、when | that 後面有沒有主詞；if 子句有沒有 be 動詞 |
| 5 | 介係詞 | in the workplace、on a regular basis、emphasis on、pose a threat to |
| 6 | 時態 | 舉過去事件時有沒有跳回現在式；地圖題年份 |
平常怎麼練：建立自己的「錯誤本」
- 只抄自己的錯：每次作文改回來，把被改的句子原封不動抄下來，右邊寫改法，最下面用一句中文寫「錯誤類型」。我的筆記「介係詞／單複數」那一頁就是這樣長出來的。
- 分類而不是按日期：單複數、冠詞、介係詞、主詞動詞一致、時態、句子結構，各自一區。累積到第 20 篇時，你會發現 80% 的錯集中在兩三類。
- 每週重寫一次錯句：把錯誤本的錯句遮住改法，自己改一次。改得出來才算真的會。
- 寫作時少用一點太長的句子：一句超過 35 個字，就考慮拆成兩句。GRA 7 要的是「很多完全正確的句子」，不是「很多很長的句子」。
- 用不同顏色標記：我會用紅色標單複數、藍色標介係詞。一眼看過去哪種顏色最多，就知道下一篇要特別注意什麼。
學姊提醒：不要一次想修好所有文法。我是每兩週只盯一類錯誤：先盯單複數，再盯冠詞，再盯逗點串句。專注一類的時候，那一類的錯會掉得很快。
十一、小練習（附解答）
下面 10 句都改編自我的真實作文。每句至少有一個錯，試著自己改改看，再打開解答。
- Each of the students have their own preference.
- Since people is busy, they rarely read the information on advertisement.
- The government should put more emphasis to public transport.
- The police is responsible for public safety, and polices often work in dangerous environment.
- If museums unable to earn money from tickets, the quality of exhibitions will decline.
- Owning a house are a symbol of social status in many Asian countries.
- Smartphones are useful, however, they reduce face-to-face communication.
- Climate change is so serious that should not be ignored.
- Many young people spend a tremendous time on social media on a daily basic.
- Entertainers make the public overemphasize on appearance, it distorts younger generation’s values.
點我看解答
- Each of the students has his or her own preference.（或改 All the students have their own preferences.）——each of + 複數名詞，動詞仍用單數。
- Since people are busy, they rarely read the information in advertisements.——people 是複數；information 不可數；廣告內容用 in。
- The government should put more emphasis on public transport.——emphasis on。
- The police are responsible for public safety, and police officers often work in dangerous environments.——police 當複數，不能加 s。
- If museums are unable to earn money from tickets, the quality of exhibitions will decline.——if 子句缺 be 動詞。
- Owning a house is a symbol of social status in many Asian countries.——動名詞主詞用單數動詞。
- Smartphones are useful; however, they reduce face-to-face communication.（或用句號斷開）——逗點串句。
- Climate change is so serious that it should not be ignored.——so…that 後要完整子句。
- Many young people spend a tremendous amount of time on social media on a daily basis.——time 不可數；basis 拼字。
- Entertainers make the public overemphasize appearance, which distorts the younger generation’s values.（或 …appearance. This distorts…）——overemphasize 不加 on；逗點串句；族群名稱加 the。
如果你 10 題能改對 8 題以上，代表規則已經懂了，接下來的重點是「寫作當下會不會想起來」，交給上面的檢查清單。如果錯超過 3 題，建議先把第二到第八段的表格抄進自己的錯誤本，再拿最近寫的一篇作文對照掃一次。
延伸閱讀
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 寫作語言（第 1 / 4 篇）
下一篇 →：同義替換怎麼做才不扣分？通用同義字表、背景句公式與黑名單單字
✦ Target Your Future
有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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