【雅思寫作|寫作語言】Task 2 主題單字(上):科技、環境、教育與工作

雅思寫作封面:主題單字(上) 科技・環境・教育
IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
IELTS 官方標誌
標誌來源:IELTS

這篇筆記:依主題整理我 Task 2 筆記與批改作文裡的單字:科技、環境、教育與工作(含求職、創業、gap year),每個主題附核心詞彙表、我作文裡的原句、正反論點與可套用的主題句。

雅思大作文主題單字(上)單字地圖:科技、環境、教育、工作四大主題,各自分成三組核心單字,例如環境的物種、暖化、交通與能源
一張圖看懂上集四大主題,以及每個主題底下的三組核心單字。

準備大作文到後期,我發現最花時間的不是架構,而是「想不到要寫什麼」和「想到了但不知道英文怎麼講」。所以我的 Google 文件裡,Task 2 作文是依主題分類的:科技、環境、新聞與歷史、教育與工作、文化藝術、犯罪、城鄉、社會問題、經濟廣告。每個主題前面有一段「論點大彙整」和單字表,後面是那個主題寫過的所有作文(含訂正)。

這篇是上集,整理科技、環境、教育與工作三大主題(工作再細分求職、創業和 gap year)。每個主題都有三個部分:核心詞彙表(附我作文裡真的寫過的句子)、正反論點,以及一個可以直接套用的主題句+例子。下集會整理文化藝術、犯罪、城鄉住房、社會問題與經濟廣告。

一、主題單字怎麼整理才用得出來?

我一開始整理單字的方式是「中英對照列一長串」,結果考場上一個都想不起來。後來改成「一個字+一個搭配+一個我自己寫過的句子」,才真的用得出來。原因很簡單:考試時你需要的不是單字,而是一個能直接放進段落裡的片語。

整理方式例子考場上用得出來嗎
只背單字biodiversity = 生物多樣性想得起來,但不知道接什麼動詞
單字+搭配biodiversity can significantly increase / pose a threat to biodiversity比較能用
單字+搭配+自己的句子+論點the diversity of species will decrease significantly if the extinction keeps happening, hindering sustained development可以直接當段落裡的一句
學姊提醒:下面表格裡的「我作文裡的句子」都是我當時真正寫的(有些是訂正後的版本),保留原本的寫法給大家看語境。若句子本身有文法問題,我會在旁邊標出更自然的寫法。

二、科技:AI、手機、無人車與面對面溝通

科技題我寫過人工智慧、小孩用手機、數位裝置讓人失去面對面溝通能力、無人駕駛車。科技題的好處是論點很容易想,壞處是大家都寫得差不多,要靠精準的單字和具體例子拉開差距。

核心詞彙表

英文中文常用搭配我作文裡的句子
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智慧developments in AI、have a positive impact onartificial intelligence decreases the crime rate as a result of the improved monitoring tools
electronic / digital devices電子裝置overuse electronic devices、the frequent usage ofthe frequent usage of electronic devices keeps individuals from developing their interpersonal skills(Task 35)
interpersonal skills人際技巧develop / lack interpersonal skills同上
body language / facial expressions肢體語言/臉部表情observe others’ body languagepeople lose the ability to evaluate and observe others’ body language during the communication
deprive sb of sth剝奪deprive children of the chance to…using mobile phones and computers deprives us of learning how to know others’ feelings
supervision監督without parental supervisionproviding their children more time using electronic devices without their parents’ supervision
peer influence同儕影響be easily influenced by peersthe younger generation will be influenced by their peers easily
obesity / eye disease肥胖/眼睛疾病lead to severe health problemsmay lead to severe health problems, including eye disease as well as obesity
driverless vehicles無人駕駛車the advantages of driverless vehiclesdriverless vehicles are more economical, lowering expenditure on companies
eco-friendly / environmentally friendly環保的eco-friendly transportationmost of those cars are driven by electricity(更自然:powered by electricity)
job vacancies / unemployment rate職缺/失業率a decrease in job vacancies、a high unemployment ratethe usage of those cars results in a decrease in job vacancies, leading to a high unemployment rate(Task 15 原句漏了兩個 a,這裡是補上後的版本)
automation / be replaced by machines自動化/被機器取代jobs are replaced by robots(筆記想點)technology replaces jobs → upskill programmes

可用論點

可套用的主題句+例子

主題句:The main reason why I agree with this statement is that digital communication deprives people of the chance to practise [某種能力].

我實際寫的例子(Task 35,訂正後):For instance, when we use the LINE application to talk with others, we often send a wide range of short phrases instead of coherent sentences. In addition, senders can remove inappropriate ones as long as the message remains unread.

這個例子好用的地方在於它很「台灣」、很具體,而且直接對應論點(不用即時思考、不用組織完整句子)。科技題的例子盡量用自己每天用的 app,比編一個研究數據更有說服力。

科技題我常犯的用字錯誤

2021 年我寫第一篇 AI 作文時,整篇用的是 good technology、convenient、benefit 這類很籠統的字,論點也停在「AI 很方便、但失控很可怕」。三年後再寫科技題,最大的差別不是單字變難,而是每個論點都能落到一個具體的場景:看不到肢體語言、不用即時反應、LINE 訊息可以收回。具體的場景會逼你用到具體的單字,詞彙分數自然就上來。

三、環境:物種滅絕、全球暖化、交通與進口食物

環境題我寫過「物種滅絕是不是最重要的環境問題」、「提高油價能不能解決交通與汙染」、「該不該限制搭飛機」,以及從科學、進口食物延伸出的環境論點。環境題的單字比較專門,但只要背熟一組,很多題都能共用。

核心詞彙表

英文中文常用搭配我作文裡的句子
extinction of species物種滅絕pose a threat to human lifethe extinction of species poses a threat to human life(Task 3)
pollination授粉be responsible for pollinationBees, which are responsible for pollination, are good examples of this matter(Task 3)
biodiversity / diversity of species生物多樣性decrease significantly、hinder sustained developmentthe diversity of species will decrease significantly if the extinction keeps happening, hindering sustained development
habitat棲息地adequate habitats、the habitat is shrinkingthe habitat of polar bears has been decreasing dramatically as a result of the upward trend of the ocean’s temperature
global warming全球暖化rising sea levels、extreme climate、the greenhouse effectA wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen
greenhouse gases / carbon dioxide溫室氣體/二氧化碳be released into the atmospheregreenhouse gases like carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere(訂正後)
carbon footprint碳足跡have a larger carbon footprintthe carbon footprint of imported foods is larger and makes those foods environmentally unfriendly
daily necessities生活必需品threaten daily necessitiespollution … threatens a wide range of daily necessities including food, land, water, and air(Task 3)
fuel consumption燃料消耗excessive fuel consumptionTraveling by airplanes may cause pollution or fuel consumption
public transportation / alternatives大眾運輸/替代方案improve the public transportation systemworkers will choose to go to work by bus or MRT when public transportation is available and cheaper
renewable energy再生能源sustainable、replace fossil fuels(筆記想點)renewable energy is sustainable, but removing traditional energy may cause unemployment

可用論點

可套用的主題句+例子

主題句:Other environmental problems deserve more attention because [問題] poses a direct threat to people’s lives.

我實際寫的段落(Task 3):Primarily, global warming is so imperative that should not be ignored, since it definitely poses a threat to people’s lives. A wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen because of global warming.

這段的內容很好,但第一句有兩個問題:so … that 後面少了主詞 it,而且 imperative 不適合形容「問題很嚴重」。改成 global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored 就好。這篇 Task Response 拿到 8,但 Coherence 只有 6,我的分析是段落裡的論點列得很完整,但段落之間、句子之間的推進比較像條列,缺少「因為 A,所以 B,進一步造成 C」的連結。

四、教育:實用技能、學科選擇與大學

教育題是我寫最多的主題之一:學校該不該教實用技能(正反各寫一篇)、大學生該不該修主修以外的科目、政府經費該不該只給理科、團隊運動是不是學合作的最好方法、為什麼越來越多人想讀大學。

核心詞彙表

英文中文常用搭配我作文裡的句子
practical skills / real-world skills實用技能learn practical skills along with academic subjectspractical skills grant schoolchildren opportunities to pick up some indispensable capabilities
academic subjects學術科目concentrate on academic subjectsdepriving them of concentrating on academic subjects
school curriculum(複數 curricula)學校課程be included in the school curriculumI support the inclusion of practical skills in the school curriculum
schoolchildren / pupils學童—real-world skills distract schoolchildren from their academic studies
proficiency in精通require proficiency inAn array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public
be allocated to被分配到limited school time should be allocated to…limited school time should be allocated to studying professional knowledge
qualification / certificate學歷資格/證照study for a qualification、academic qualificationsqualifications are always the strongest evidence when finding jobs(Task 4)
broaden one’s horizons開闊視野—which can definitely broaden their horizons and help them decide their career paths
spark / find new interests激發新興趣—they can spark new interests in students
foster competent professionals培養專業人才(我常寫成 competent professions,要改成 professionals)learning academic subjects fosters competent professions(建議改 professionals)
team spirit / cooperation團隊精神/合作learn cooperation through team sportsthose who have a lower interest in sports may be ignored, leading to unfairness
physical differences體型差異prevent children from taking part in team sportsphysical differences may prevent children from actively taking part in team sports

可用論點

可套用的主題句+例子

主題句:The main reason why I think schoolchildren should learn practical skills is that these skills are so useful that they may provide a wide range of career choices.

我實際寫的例子(Task 12,練習 45):The ability to give a public speech, which requires communication and organization skills, is a good example of this matter. An array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public.

「X, which requires…, is a good example of this matter」是我那段時間最常用的舉例句型。它的好處是可以把「例子」和「例子為什麼相關」放在同一句。不過用太多會變成套句,一篇最多一次。

同一個主題,換個問法也能用

「大學生該不該修主修以外的科目」(Task 4,Cam18-2)拿到 8 / 6 / 7 / 8。我在這篇用到的論點,跟實用技能、學科經費兩題幾乎可以互通:

論點Task 4 的用法可以搬到哪一題
適應職場變化learning comprehensive subjects makes it easier for students to adapt to changes in the workplace(行政工作被科技取代)實用技能題(支持方)、科技取代工作題
找到真正的興趣students can figure out whether they are interested in the main subjects they currently major in實用技能題、gap year 題
學歷是求職最有力的證明qualifications are always the strongest evidence when finding jobs大學教育題、實用技能題(反對方)
專業知識帶來升遷workers with better educational backgrounds and professional knowledge are easier to get promotions(建議改 find it easier to get promoted)換工作題、工作滿意度題

這篇的 Coherence 只有 6,我回頭看的原因是:每段的兩個理由都只有一句解釋加一個例子,例子和論點之間少了「所以這代表什麼」的收尾句,段落讀起來像清單。內容和單字其實都夠,差的是句子之間的連結。

五、工作:求職、創業與 gap year

工作題我寫過:專業人士該不該留在受訓的國家工作、一輩子待同一家公司還是換工作、工作滿意度和工作穩定哪個重要、縮短工時、競爭與合作,以及兩篇送批改的「自僱/創業」和「gap year」。我把它們分成求職、創業和 gap year 三組。

求職與職場:核心詞彙表

英文中文常用搭配我作文裡的句子
tenure任期、年資a longer tenureit’s easier for people to be promoted if their tenure is longer than other counterparts
get promoted / promotion升遷better chances to get a promotionworking for the same firm grants workers better payment and chances to be a supervisor
job satisfaction / job security工作滿足感/工作穩定job satisfaction is more important than job security(練習 29 題目關鍵字,開頭改寫用)
work–life balance工作與生活平衡maintain a healthy work–life balance—(我在練習 29 用它支持「工作穩定比較重要」)
productivity / efficiency生產力/效率increase workers’ productivityit increases workers productivity and efficiency(workers 要改所有格 workers’)
mental well-being心理健康enhance mental well-beingit enhances workers mental well-being(同上,workers’)
escape from a hectic schedule逃離忙碌的日程—they can escape from their hectic schedule in their daily lives
foster one’s full potential發揮潛力—competition can foster a person’s biggest potential(更自然:full potential)
a sense of belonging歸屬感boost a sense of belongingcooperation boosts a sense of belonging for every member of a team
remuneration / be compensated報酬financial remuneration、be excessively compensated(筆記)不要寫 gain extremely high payment,改 receive excessively high salaries

創業與自僱:核心詞彙表

英文中文常用搭配我作文裡的句子
be self-employed / run one’s own business自僱/自己開業choose to be self-employeda number of individuals run their own businesses instead of working for large corporations(Task 23 訂正)
pursue entrepreneurship / business ventures創業—When pursuing entrepreneurship, people can reach their dream by increasing market shares
a flexible schedule彈性的時間—By running businesses by themselves, they can undoubtedly have a flexible schedule
a sense of achievement成就感—The second factor is related to a sense of achievement
external shocks外部衝擊be influenced by external shocksrunning their own business is risky since it is easy for companies to be influenced by external shocks
unstable income / sources of revenue收入不穩—they sometimes do not have stable sources of money or revenue to pay for themselves
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)中小企業—我原本寫成 small and median corporations,median 是「中位數」,要改 medium-sized

Gap year:核心詞彙表

英文中文常用搭配我作文裡的句子
school leavers / high school graduates高中畢業生—我原本寫 leaved students,後來全部改成 high school graduates
put theory into practice學以致用—those high school graduates can put the theory into practice and learn real-world knowledge
enrich mental well-being豐富心靈—traveling in their gap year can enrich those students’ mental well-being
get closer to nature親近自然—National parks around the world, which give visitors opportunities to get closer to nature
a lack of competency能力不足—it is difficult for those students to find suitable jobs due to a lack of competency and academic qualifications
a financial burden / go into debt經濟負擔/負債place an unfair burden on parentsit is difficult for them to afford the expenditure of accommodations, transportation, and the tickets for destinations

可用論點

可套用的主題句+例子

主題句:However, being self-employed sometimes seems to be disadvantageous. First and foremost, it is readily apparent that the salary those people earn is not stable.

我實際寫的例子(Task 23 訂正版,which influenced worldwide 建議再改成 which affected the whole world):COVID-19, which influenced worldwide, is a good example of this matter. As a result of a lack of funding or shareholders, most small and medium corporations did not have the ability to overcome the difficulties when the pandemic happened.

這篇 Task 23 的分數是 7-8 / 7 / 7 / 7,總分 7。Task Response 拿得高,是因為兩個問題(為什麼、缺點是什麼)都有清楚回答,每個論點也有例子。文法上原稿寫成「most of small and median corporations do have ability…」,漏了 not,時態也沒用過去式,意思整個相反,這種錯在考場上一定要靠檢查抓出來。

學姊提醒:工作題有很多論點可以跨題共用:「心理健康」「歸屬感」「生產力」「經濟負擔」這四個,我在縮短工時、競爭合作、gap year、換工作四題都用過。先把這四組片語背熟,工作題就不怕沒東西寫。

六、怎麼背、怎麼用:我的主題單字卡

1. 一個主題一張 A4

每個主題整理成一頁,分成四區:①單字+搭配(10–15 組就夠)②正反論點各 2–3 個 ③一個自己的例子(最好是台灣或個人經驗)④一個能套用的主題句。考前一週只看這幾頁,不再看整篇作文。

主題單字卡的整理方法:一個主題一張 A4,分成單字+搭配、正反論點、自己的例子、主題句四區;下方是工作題可跨題共用的四組片語:enhance mental well-being、boost a sense of belonging、increase workers' productivity、place an unfair burden on parents
一個主題一張 A4 分四區,再先背熟工作題能跨題共用的四組片語。

2. 用「想點」練習取代整篇寫作

我筆記裡有一區叫「主題想點」,就是只寫論點、不寫成文章。例如失業題,我只寫:原因(科技發展、自動化、機器人取代)→ 解決(全民基本收入、再教育、技能提升課程)。這種練習五分鐘一題,一週可以做二、三十題,比每天寫一篇整文更能累積「論點庫」。

題目我的想點(筆記原樣整理)
失業的原因與解決原因:科技發展、自動化、被機器或 AI 取代
解決:universal income、re-education program、upskill program
該不該一輩子做同一份工作支持:薪水高、容易升遷、熟悉專業
反對:沒機會嘗試新事物、不會進步、少了建立人脈的機會
傳統能源 vs 再生能源傳統能源用來發電,現在很多東西都靠它;全面淘汰會讓很多人失業
再生能源可永續
生物多樣性減少原因:侵入或破壞動物棲地、都市化、全球暖化
解決:保育中心、基因技術、再生能源

3. 例子用「真實但具體」的,少編數據

我早期很愛寫「According to a study conducted by National Taiwan University, 80% of…」,幾乎每篇都有一個。筆記裡我自己也寫了提醒:「引用數據 → 醫學、產業可用(個人用例子為佳)」。編造的數據讀起來很假,而且常常跟論點對不上。後來分數比較高的幾篇,例子大多是 LINE、YouTube、COVID-19、台灣健保這種大家都知道的具體事物。

七、小練習(附解答)

練習 A:填入適當的單字

從框裡選:deprives、put … into practice、external shocks、habitat、a sense of belonging

  1. The ______ of polar bears has been shrinking due to rising ocean temperatures.
  2. A gap year allows high school graduates to ______ what they have learned ______.
  3. Small businesses are vulnerable to ______ such as a pandemic.
  4. Overusing smartphones ______ children of opportunities to develop social skills.
  5. Working in a team gives employees ______, which benefits their mental health.
點我看解答
  1. habitat
  2. put … into practice
  3. external shocks
  4. deprives
  5. a sense of belonging

練習 B:用本篇的單字寫一個主題句

題目:有人認為政府應該提高機票價格來減少空汙。請寫一個「反對」的主題句,並用一句話說明理由。

點我看解答
參考答案(示範):The main reason why I disagree with this policy is that passengers would simply switch to other forms of transport, which also contribute to pollution. If flights became more expensive, many travellers would drive or take trains instead, so overall fuel consumption might not fall at all.
用到的概念:替代品效果(alternatives)、fuel consumption、if 條件句(第二條件句表示假設)。

練習 C:改錯

  1. Learning comprehensive subjects makes students easier to adapt to changes in the workplace.
  2. Driverless vehicles result in the decrease in jobs vacancies.
  3. Those leaved students can conduct challenges tasks in the workplace.
點我看解答
  1. Learning a wide range of subjects makes it easier for students to adapt to changes in the workplace.
  2. Driverless vehicles result in a decrease in job vacancies.
  3. Those school leavers can take on challenging tasks in the workplace.

下集會繼續整理文化藝術與媒體、犯罪與監獄、城鄉與住房、社會問題(健康、長壽、貧富、風險),以及經濟商業與廣告,格式跟這篇一樣。


延伸閱讀

✦ Target Your Future

有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。

把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。

願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。

— Ting

← 回到 IELTS 備考筆記

Responses

  1. […] 我送批改的科技與媒體題有三篇:無人車(6.5)、數位裝置讓人失去面對面溝通能力(7)、廣告有沒有說服力(6.5)。這篇用這三篇當主軸,整理科技題的題目、論點、用字與常見錯誤。單字速查請看主題單字(上),廣告相關單字在主題單字(下)。 […]

  2. […] 主題單字上下兩集(上集、下集)整理的是「字」:看到題目時,手上有哪些詞可以用。但我後來發現,單字背得再多,如果腦中沒有一條完整的推理路線,寫出來的段落還是會像清單:「城市很方便、工作很多、房價很貴」,每一句都對,卻沒有一句真正說服人。 […]

Leave a Reply