
這篇筆記:依主題整理我 Task 2 筆記與批改作文裡的單字:科技、環境、教育與工作(含求職、創業、gap year),每個主題附核心詞彙表、我作文裡的原句、正反論點與可套用的主題句。
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看

準備大作文到後期,我發現最花時間的不是架構,而是「想不到要寫什麼」和「想到了但不知道英文怎麼講」。所以我的 Google 文件裡,Task 2 作文是依主題分類的:科技、環境、新聞與歷史、教育與工作、文化藝術、犯罪、城鄉、社會問題、經濟廣告。每個主題前面有一段「論點大彙整」和單字表,後面是那個主題寫過的所有作文(含訂正)。
這篇是上集,整理科技、環境、教育與工作三大主題(工作再細分求職、創業和 gap year)。每個主題都有三個部分:核心詞彙表(附我作文裡真的寫過的句子)、正反論點,以及一個可以直接套用的主題句+例子。下集會整理文化藝術、犯罪、城鄉住房、社會問題與經濟廣告。
一、主題單字怎麼整理才用得出來?
我一開始整理單字的方式是「中英對照列一長串」,結果考場上一個都想不起來。後來改成「一個字+一個搭配+一個我自己寫過的句子」,才真的用得出來。原因很簡單:考試時你需要的不是單字,而是一個能直接放進段落裡的片語。
| 整理方式 | 例子 | 考場上用得出來嗎 |
|---|---|---|
| 只背單字 | biodiversity = 生物多樣性 | 想得起來,但不知道接什麼動詞 |
| 單字+搭配 | biodiversity can significantly increase / pose a threat to biodiversity | 比較能用 |
| 單字+搭配+自己的句子+論點 | the diversity of species will decrease significantly if the extinction keeps happening, hindering sustained development | 可以直接當段落裡的一句 |
二、科技:AI、手機、無人車與面對面溝通
科技題我寫過人工智慧、小孩用手機、數位裝置讓人失去面對面溝通能力、無人駕駛車。科技題的好處是論點很容易想,壞處是大家都寫得差不多,要靠精準的單字和具體例子拉開差距。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| artificial intelligence (AI) | 人工智慧 | developments in AI、have a positive impact on | artificial intelligence decreases the crime rate as a result of the improved monitoring tools |
| electronic / digital devices | 電子裝置 | overuse electronic devices、the frequent usage of | the frequent usage of electronic devices keeps individuals from developing their interpersonal skills(Task 35) |
| interpersonal skills | 人際技巧 | develop / lack interpersonal skills | 同上 |
| body language / facial expressions | 肢體語言/臉部表情 | observe others’ body language | people lose the ability to evaluate and observe others’ body language during the communication |
| deprive sb of sth | 剝奪 | deprive children of the chance to… | using mobile phones and computers deprives us of learning how to know others’ feelings |
| supervision | 監督 | without parental supervision | providing their children more time using electronic devices without their parents’ supervision |
| peer influence | 同儕影響 | be easily influenced by peers | the younger generation will be influenced by their peers easily |
| obesity / eye disease | 肥胖/眼睛疾病 | lead to severe health problems | may lead to severe health problems, including eye disease as well as obesity |
| driverless vehicles | 無人駕駛車 | the advantages of driverless vehicles | driverless vehicles are more economical, lowering expenditure on companies |
| eco-friendly / environmentally friendly | 環保的 | eco-friendly transportation | most of those cars are driven by electricity(更自然:powered by electricity) |
| job vacancies / unemployment rate | 職缺/失業率 | a decrease in job vacancies、a high unemployment rate | the usage of those cars results in a decrease in job vacancies, leading to a high unemployment rate(Task 15 原句漏了兩個 a,這裡是補上後的版本) |
| automation / be replaced by machines | 自動化/被機器取代 | jobs are replaced by robots | (筆記想點)technology replaces jobs → upskill programmes |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 科技帶來好處 | ① 生活更方便、效率更高 ② 降低成本(無人車省下司機與訓練費用) ③ 提升安全與治安(監控系統) | 無人車多為電動,減少傳統燃料使用;企業省下司機薪水與訓練課程費用 |
| 科技帶來壞處 | ① 傷害健康(久坐、近視、肥胖) ② 削弱人際能力(看不到肢體語言、不用即時反應) ③ 取代工作、造成失業 | 用 LINE 聊天時傳的多是短句而不是完整句子,未讀前還能收回訊息,不需要練習即時反應 |
| 小孩用手機的原因 | ① 父母工作忙,缺乏陪伴與監督 ② 同儕影響,在線上遊戲找到歸屬感 | 雙薪家庭增加、生活成本上升;團隊型手機遊戲 |
可套用的主題句+例子
我實際寫的例子(Task 35,訂正後):For instance, when we use the LINE application to talk with others, we often send a wide range of short phrases instead of coherent sentences. In addition, senders can remove inappropriate ones as long as the message remains unread.
這個例子好用的地方在於它很「台灣」、很具體,而且直接對應論點(不用即時思考、不用組織完整句子)。科技題的例子盡量用自己每天用的 app,比編一個研究數據更有說服力。
科技題我常犯的用字錯誤
| 我寫的 | 比較好的寫法 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| spend lots of time using automobiles | using electronic devices | 想換掉 smartphones 卻換成「汽車」,是硬換同義字的典型錯誤 |
| spend a tremendous time | spend a tremendous amount of time | time 當「時間」不可數 |
| post a treat on young generation’s social skills | pose a threat to the younger generation’s social skills | pose / post、threat / treat 都拼錯,加上冠詞與介係詞 |
| with time progressing | as time passes | 背景句常見的不自然說法 |
2021 年我寫第一篇 AI 作文時,整篇用的是 good technology、convenient、benefit 這類很籠統的字,論點也停在「AI 很方便、但失控很可怕」。三年後再寫科技題,最大的差別不是單字變難,而是每個論點都能落到一個具體的場景:看不到肢體語言、不用即時反應、LINE 訊息可以收回。具體的場景會逼你用到具體的單字,詞彙分數自然就上來。
三、環境:物種滅絕、全球暖化、交通與進口食物
環境題我寫過「物種滅絕是不是最重要的環境問題」、「提高油價能不能解決交通與汙染」、「該不該限制搭飛機」,以及從科學、進口食物延伸出的環境論點。環境題的單字比較專門,但只要背熟一組,很多題都能共用。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| extinction of species | 物種滅絕 | pose a threat to human life | the extinction of species poses a threat to human life(Task 3) |
| pollination | 授粉 | be responsible for pollination | Bees, which are responsible for pollination, are good examples of this matter(Task 3) |
| biodiversity / diversity of species | 生物多樣性 | decrease significantly、hinder sustained development | the diversity of species will decrease significantly if the extinction keeps happening, hindering sustained development |
| habitat | 棲息地 | adequate habitats、the habitat is shrinking | the habitat of polar bears has been decreasing dramatically as a result of the upward trend of the ocean’s temperature |
| global warming | 全球暖化 | rising sea levels、extreme climate、the greenhouse effect | A wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen |
| greenhouse gases / carbon dioxide | 溫室氣體/二氧化碳 | be released into the atmosphere | greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere(訂正後) |
| carbon footprint | 碳足跡 | have a larger carbon footprint | the carbon footprint of imported foods is larger and makes those foods environmentally unfriendly |
| daily necessities | 生活必需品 | threaten daily necessities | pollution … threatens a wide range of daily necessities including food, land, water, and air(Task 3) |
| fuel consumption | 燃料消耗 | excessive fuel consumption | Traveling by airplanes may cause pollution or fuel consumption |
| public transportation / alternatives | 大眾運輸/替代方案 | improve the public transportation system | workers will choose to go to work by bus or MRT when public transportation is available and cheaper |
| renewable energy | 再生能源 | sustainable、replace fossil fuels | (筆記想點)renewable energy is sustainable, but removing traditional energy may cause unemployment |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 物種滅絕很嚴重 | ① 威脅人類生存(食物鏈、授粉) ② 生物多樣性下降,阻礙永續發展 | 蜜蜂授粉:蔬菜水果的生長都依賴授粉 |
| 其他問題更重要 | ① 全球暖化:海平面上升、極端氣候 ② 汙染:影響食物、土地、水、空氣 | 北極熊棲息地因海水溫度上升而縮小 |
| 反對用價格限制(油價、機票) | ① 有替代品,效果有限(電動車、其他交通工具一樣汙染) ② 不公平,加重經濟負擔 ③ 傷害經濟(觀光、住宿、餐飲) | 限制飛機後,旅客改開車或搭鐵路,同樣消耗能源、造成塞車 |
| 更有效的方法 | ① 教育,改變大眾觀念 ② 提高購車稅或限制購車數量 ③ 改善大眾運輸 | 大眾運輸便宜方便時,上班族自然會改搭公車或捷運 |
可套用的主題句+例子
我實際寫的段落(Task 3):Primarily, global warming is so imperative that should not be ignored, since it definitely poses a threat to people’s lives. A wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen because of global warming.
這段的內容很好,但第一句有兩個問題:so … that 後面少了主詞 it,而且 imperative 不適合形容「問題很嚴重」。改成 global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored 就好。這篇 Task Response 拿到 8,但 Coherence 只有 6,我的分析是段落裡的論點列得很完整,但段落之間、句子之間的推進比較像條列,缺少「因為 A,所以 B,進一步造成 C」的連結。
四、教育:實用技能、學科選擇與大學
教育題是我寫最多的主題之一:學校該不該教實用技能(正反各寫一篇)、大學生該不該修主修以外的科目、政府經費該不該只給理科、團隊運動是不是學合作的最好方法、為什麼越來越多人想讀大學。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| practical skills / real-world skills | 實用技能 | learn practical skills along with academic subjects | practical skills grant schoolchildren opportunities to pick up some indispensable capabilities |
| academic subjects | 學術科目 | concentrate on academic subjects | depriving them of concentrating on academic subjects |
| school curriculum(複數 curricula) | 學校課程 | be included in the school curriculum | I support the inclusion of practical skills in the school curriculum |
| schoolchildren / pupils | 學童 | — | real-world skills distract schoolchildren from their academic studies |
| proficiency in | 精通 | require proficiency in | An array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public |
| be allocated to | 被分配到 | limited school time should be allocated to… | limited school time should be allocated to studying professional knowledge |
| qualification / certificate | 學歷資格/證照 | study for a qualification、academic qualifications | qualifications are always the strongest evidence when finding jobs(Task 4) |
| broaden one’s horizons | 開闊視野 | — | which can definitely broaden their horizons and help them decide their career paths |
| spark / find new interests | 激發新興趣 | — | they can spark new interests in students |
| foster competent professionals | 培養專業人才 | (我常寫成 competent professions,要改成 professionals) | learning academic subjects fosters competent professions(建議改 professionals) |
| team spirit / cooperation | 團隊精神/合作 | learn cooperation through team sports | those who have a lower interest in sports may be ignored, leading to unfairness |
| physical differences | 體型差異 | prevent children from taking part in team sports | physical differences may prevent children from actively taking part in team sports |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 學校應教實用技能 | ① 提供更多職涯選擇(如公開演說能力) ② 幫助學生找到興趣、決定方向 | 上理財課後發現金融很有趣,進一步激發創業精神 |
| 學校不應教實用技能 | ① 實用技能可以在生活中學,課堂時間應留給學術科目 ② 師資與教材昂貴,排擠其他經費 | 數學和自然在台灣升學考試佔很大比重 |
| 經費不該只給理科 | ① 對不喜歡理科的學生不公平 ② 人才失衡,非理科職缺補不滿 | 學生選科系時會考慮獎學金與出路 |
| 團隊運動不是唯一方法 | ① 不是每個小孩都喜歡運動 ② 體型差異讓部分小孩無法參與 | 我在作文裡舉的個人例子:不喜歡曬太陽、流汗,常找藉口留在室內,結果體育課沒學到團隊合作 |
可套用的主題句+例子
我實際寫的例子(Task 12,練習 45):The ability to give a public speech, which requires communication and organization skills, is a good example of this matter. An array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public.
「X, which requires…, is a good example of this matter」是我那段時間最常用的舉例句型。它的好處是可以把「例子」和「例子為什麼相關」放在同一句。不過用太多會變成套句,一篇最多一次。
同一個主題,換個問法也能用
「大學生該不該修主修以外的科目」(Task 4,Cam18-2)拿到 8 / 6 / 7 / 8。我在這篇用到的論點,跟實用技能、學科經費兩題幾乎可以互通:
| 論點 | Task 4 的用法 | 可以搬到哪一題 |
|---|---|---|
| 適應職場變化 | learning comprehensive subjects makes it easier for students to adapt to changes in the workplace(行政工作被科技取代) | 實用技能題(支持方)、科技取代工作題 |
| 找到真正的興趣 | students can figure out whether they are interested in the main subjects they currently major in | 實用技能題、gap year 題 |
| 學歷是求職最有力的證明 | qualifications are always the strongest evidence when finding jobs | 大學教育題、實用技能題(反對方) |
| 專業知識帶來升遷 | workers with better educational backgrounds and professional knowledge are easier to get promotions(建議改 find it easier to get promoted) | 換工作題、工作滿意度題 |
這篇的 Coherence 只有 6,我回頭看的原因是:每段的兩個理由都只有一句解釋加一個例子,例子和論點之間少了「所以這代表什麼」的收尾句,段落讀起來像清單。內容和單字其實都夠,差的是句子之間的連結。
五、工作:求職、創業與 gap year
工作題我寫過:專業人士該不該留在受訓的國家工作、一輩子待同一家公司還是換工作、工作滿意度和工作穩定哪個重要、縮短工時、競爭與合作,以及兩篇送批改的「自僱/創業」和「gap year」。我把它們分成求職、創業和 gap year 三組。
求職與職場:核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tenure | 任期、年資 | a longer tenure | it’s easier for people to be promoted if their tenure is longer than other counterparts |
| get promoted / promotion | 升遷 | better chances to get a promotion | working for the same firm grants workers better payment and chances to be a supervisor |
| job satisfaction / job security | 工作滿足感/工作穩定 | job satisfaction is more important than job security | (練習 29 題目關鍵字,開頭改寫用) |
| work–life balance | 工作與生活平衡 | maintain a healthy work–life balance | —(我在練習 29 用它支持「工作穩定比較重要」) |
| productivity / efficiency | 生產力/效率 | increase workers’ productivity | it increases workers productivity and efficiency(workers 要改所有格 workers’) |
| mental well-being | 心理健康 | enhance mental well-being | it enhances workers mental well-being(同上,workers’) |
| escape from a hectic schedule | 逃離忙碌的日程 | — | they can escape from their hectic schedule in their daily lives |
| foster one’s full potential | 發揮潛力 | — | competition can foster a person’s biggest potential(更自然:full potential) |
| a sense of belonging | 歸屬感 | boost a sense of belonging | cooperation boosts a sense of belonging for every member of a team |
| remuneration / be compensated | 報酬 | financial remuneration、be excessively compensated | (筆記)不要寫 gain extremely high payment,改 receive excessively high salaries |
創業與自僱:核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be self-employed / run one’s own business | 自僱/自己開業 | choose to be self-employed | a number of individuals run their own businesses instead of working for large corporations(Task 23 訂正) |
| pursue entrepreneurship / business ventures | 創業 | — | When pursuing entrepreneurship, people can reach their dream by increasing market shares |
| a flexible schedule | 彈性的時間 | — | By running businesses by themselves, they can undoubtedly have a flexible schedule |
| a sense of achievement | 成就感 | — | The second factor is related to a sense of achievement |
| external shocks | 外部衝擊 | be influenced by external shocks | running their own business is risky since it is easy for companies to be influenced by external shocks |
| unstable income / sources of revenue | 收入不穩 | — | they sometimes do not have stable sources of money or revenue to pay for themselves |
| small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) | 中小企業 | — | 我原本寫成 small and median corporations,median 是「中位數」,要改 medium-sized |
Gap year:核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| school leavers / high school graduates | 高中畢業生 | — | 我原本寫 leaved students,後來全部改成 high school graduates |
| put theory into practice | 學以致用 | — | those high school graduates can put the theory into practice and learn real-world knowledge |
| enrich mental well-being | 豐富心靈 | — | traveling in their gap year can enrich those students’ mental well-being |
| get closer to nature | 親近自然 | — | National parks around the world, which give visitors opportunities to get closer to nature |
| a lack of competency | 能力不足 | — | it is difficult for those students to find suitable jobs due to a lack of competency and academic qualifications |
| a financial burden / go into debt | 經濟負擔/負債 | place an unfair burden on parents | it is difficult for them to afford the expenditure of accommodations, transportation, and the tickets for destinations |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 留在同一家公司 | ① 薪水隨年資增加 ② 較容易升遷 | 年資長的員工升主管機會高 |
| 換不同公司 | ① 認識更多人、拓展人脈 ② 面對新挑戰,得到工作成就感 | 公司常辦團隊活動,可以認識同事、主管和供應商 |
| 為什麼要自僱 | ① 彈性時間,有空陪家人 ② 成就感(擴大市占、公司上市) | 傳統工作班表固定 |
| 自僱的缺點 | ① 收入不穩定 ② 容易受外部衝擊影響 | COVID-19 疫情期間,很多中小企業撐不過去 |
| gap year 的優點 | ① 工作:學以致用、累積實務經驗 ② 旅行:放鬆、親近自然、開闊視野 | 世界各地的國家公園 |
| gap year 的缺點 | ① 學歷能力不足,找不到好工作,甚至做危險、低薪工作 ② 旅行開銷大,加重父母負擔或負債 | 住宿、交通、門票 |
| 支持縮短工時 | ① 休息足夠,生產力提升 ② 有時間陪家人、旅行,提升心理健康 | 去台灣南部旅行至少需要三天假 |
可套用的主題句+例子
我實際寫的例子(Task 23 訂正版,which influenced worldwide 建議再改成 which affected the whole world):COVID-19, which influenced worldwide, is a good example of this matter. As a result of a lack of funding or shareholders, most small and medium corporations did not have the ability to overcome the difficulties when the pandemic happened.
這篇 Task 23 的分數是 7-8 / 7 / 7 / 7,總分 7。Task Response 拿得高,是因為兩個問題(為什麼、缺點是什麼)都有清楚回答,每個論點也有例子。文法上原稿寫成「most of small and median corporations do have ability…」,漏了 not,時態也沒用過去式,意思整個相反,這種錯在考場上一定要靠檢查抓出來。
六、怎麼背、怎麼用:我的主題單字卡
1. 一個主題一張 A4
每個主題整理成一頁,分成四區:①單字+搭配(10–15 組就夠)②正反論點各 2–3 個 ③一個自己的例子(最好是台灣或個人經驗)④一個能套用的主題句。考前一週只看這幾頁,不再看整篇作文。

2. 用「想點」練習取代整篇寫作
我筆記裡有一區叫「主題想點」,就是只寫論點、不寫成文章。例如失業題,我只寫:原因(科技發展、自動化、機器人取代)→ 解決(全民基本收入、再教育、技能提升課程)。這種練習五分鐘一題,一週可以做二、三十題,比每天寫一篇整文更能累積「論點庫」。
| 題目 | 我的想點(筆記原樣整理) |
|---|---|
| 失業的原因與解決 | 原因:科技發展、自動化、被機器或 AI 取代 解決:universal income、re-education program、upskill program |
| 該不該一輩子做同一份工作 | 支持:薪水高、容易升遷、熟悉專業 反對:沒機會嘗試新事物、不會進步、少了建立人脈的機會 |
| 傳統能源 vs 再生能源 | 傳統能源用來發電,現在很多東西都靠它;全面淘汰會讓很多人失業 再生能源可永續 |
| 生物多樣性減少 | 原因:侵入或破壞動物棲地、都市化、全球暖化 解決:保育中心、基因技術、再生能源 |
3. 例子用「真實但具體」的,少編數據
我早期很愛寫「According to a study conducted by National Taiwan University, 80% of…」,幾乎每篇都有一個。筆記裡我自己也寫了提醒:「引用數據 → 醫學、產業可用(個人用例子為佳)」。編造的數據讀起來很假,而且常常跟論點對不上。後來分數比較高的幾篇,例子大多是 LINE、YouTube、COVID-19、台灣健保這種大家都知道的具體事物。
七、小練習(附解答)
練習 A:填入適當的單字
從框裡選:deprives、put … into practice、external shocks、habitat、a sense of belonging
- The ______ of polar bears has been shrinking due to rising ocean temperatures.
- A gap year allows high school graduates to ______ what they have learned ______.
- Small businesses are vulnerable to ______ such as a pandemic.
- Overusing smartphones ______ children of opportunities to develop social skills.
- Working in a team gives employees ______, which benefits their mental health.
點我看解答
- habitat
- put … into practice
- external shocks
- deprives
- a sense of belonging
練習 B:用本篇的單字寫一個主題句
題目:有人認為政府應該提高機票價格來減少空汙。請寫一個「反對」的主題句,並用一句話說明理由。
點我看解答
用到的概念:替代品效果(alternatives)、fuel consumption、if 條件句(第二條件句表示假設)。
練習 C:改錯
- Learning comprehensive subjects makes students easier to adapt to changes in the workplace.
- Driverless vehicles result in the decrease in jobs vacancies.
- Those leaved students can conduct challenges tasks in the workplace.
點我看解答
- Learning a wide range of subjects makes it easier for students to adapt to changes in the workplace.
- Driverless vehicles result in a decrease in job vacancies.
- Those school leavers can take on challenging tasks in the workplace.
下集會繼續整理文化藝術與媒體、犯罪與監獄、城鄉與住房、社會問題(健康、長壽、貧富、風險),以及經濟商業與廣告,格式跟這篇一樣。
延伸閱讀
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 寫作語言(第 3 / 4 篇)
← 上一篇:同義替換怎麼做才不扣分?通用同義字表、背景句公式與黑名單單字
下一篇 →:Task 2 主題單字(下):文化藝術、犯罪、城鄉住房、社會問題與經濟廣告
✦ Target Your Future
有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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