IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
這篇筆記： 整理城鄉與住房（都市化、房屋短缺、買房還是租房）和社會問題（健康、長壽、貧富差距與冒險）的核心詞彙、我作文裡的原句、正反論點與可套用的主題句。
Task 2 主題單字（下）｜共 3 篇
- 1. 文化藝術題與犯罪題
- 2. 城鄉住房與社會問題（你正在讀）
- 3. 經濟廣告與萬用論點
四、城鄉與住房：都市化、房屋短缺、買房還是租房
城鄉與住房是我單字整理最完整的一個主題。我寫過：鄉村人口移居城市是好是壞（Task 6）、新房子該蓋在城市還是鄉村、都市人跟鄰居越來越疏遠、汽車造成大塞車，以及「為什麼有些國家的人一定要買房」（Task 41，總分 7.5）。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| urban areas / metropolitan areas | 都市 | urbanization、urban centres | （筆記）urban area、metropolitan area、cityscape、urban landscape |
| rural areas / the countryside | 鄉村 | 注意：suburban 是「市郊」，不等於鄉村 | 我在 Task 6 把 rural 寫成 suburban，意思跑掉了 |
| residents / inhabitants | 居民 | 不要用 dwellers | Some people reckon that the residents in these nations… |
| infrastructure | 基礎建設 | 不可數；well-established infrastructure | Infrastructure such as hospitals and schools is already well established（改寫） |
| job vacancies / employment opportunities | 職缺／就業機會 | a vast number of job vacancies | （筆記）都市好處：greater employment opportunities |
| close-knit communities | 緊密的社區 | — | （筆記）鄉村好處：peaceful environment、lower cost of living、scenic landscapes |
| traffic congestion | 交通壅塞 | heavy traffic、overcapacity of public transport | （筆記）都市問題：noise pollution、limited personal space、social isolation |
| the cost of living | 生活成本 | the cost of living increases | the cost of living increases because of the scarcity of fundamental materials like housing and foods（Task 6） |
| the scarcity of housing | 房屋短缺 | become increasingly pronounced | as the global population continues to grow, the scarcity of housing has become increasingly pronounced |
| erode the sense of community | 侵蝕社區感 | — | interactions between neighbours have become increasingly infrequent, eroding the sense of community |
| narrow the gap between cities and the countryside | 縮小城鄉差距 | — | the new constructions in the suburban area help to narrow the gap between cities and the countryside |
| a symbol of social status | 社會地位的象徵 | houses represent social status | Another factor is that houses sometimes represent social status（Task 41 訂正） |
| the gap between rich and poor | 貧富差距 | increase / widen the gap | this situation will increase the gap between rich and poor in the community（Task 41） |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 鄉村人口外移是負面發展 | ① 鄉村勞動力不足，建設停擺 ② 都市過度擁擠，生活成本上升、生活品質下降 | 鄉村很多建設計畫因為缺工而無法進行 |
| 房子蓋在城市 | ① 生活便利，不用等新建設 ② 政府省錢，基礎建設已經完備 | 台北的醫院、學校都已完善，蓋好就能入住 |
| 房子蓋在鄉村 | ① 生活品質較好：步調放鬆、房價可負擔、人際關係緊密 ② 縮小城鄉差距 | 新市鎮帶動鄉村發展 |
| 鄰居疏遠的原因 | ① 工作時間不同，碰不到面 ② 有問題先上網查，不再找鄰居幫忙 | 遇到困難先 Google，而不是問鄰居 |
| 鄰居疏遠的解決方法 | ① 舉辦社區活動 ② 增加公共設施 | 社區公園、活動中心 |
| 重視買房是負面現象 | ① 對年輕人不友善，房價買不起 ② 擴大貧富差距，家庭背景變得更重要 | 傳統台灣文化裡，男方結婚前常被期待先準備房子 |
可套用的主題句＋例子
主題句：However, I firmly believe that this is a negative development. First and foremost, this situation is unfriendly to the younger generation.
我實際寫的段落（Task 41 訂正版）：Since the prices of houses are too high for youngsters to afford, it is difficult for them to buy houses when they are still rookies or freshmen in the workplace. Secondly, this situation will increase the gap between rich and poor in the community. When having a house is important, the importance of family backgrounds will be overemphasized simultaneously, further leading to unfairness.
我實際寫的段落（Task 41 訂正版）：Since the prices of houses are too high for youngsters to afford, it is difficult for them to buy houses when they are still rookies or freshmen in the workplace. Secondly, this situation will increase the gap between rich and poor in the community. When having a house is important, the importance of family backgrounds will be overemphasized simultaneously, further leading to unfairness.
Task 41 拿到 8 / 8 / 7 / 8，總分 7.5，是我分數最高的幾篇之一。我的分析是：兩個問題（為什麼重視買房、這是好是壞）都直接回答，立場從開頭到結論一致；而且例子「台灣男方結婚前要先準備房子」很具體，跟「社會地位」這個論點緊密相連。不過原稿把 property 拼成了 poverty（own their poverty），還有 rookies or freshmen 用在職場新人有點口語，換成 young professionals 或 people who have just started working 會更好。
五、社會問題：健康、長壽、貧富差距與冒險
社會問題是我筆記裡範圍最雜的一區，我挑最常考的四類整理：健康（速食、甜食）、長壽與高齡化、貧富差距、冒險。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| life expectancy | 平均壽命 | life expectancy is increasing | With the improvement of the medical care, life expectancy of human beings has increased in decades（更自然：in recent decades） |
| an ageing / aging population | 高齡化人口 | — | aging population poses financial burden on both the government and households（burden 可數，要加 a） |
| be strained | （醫療服務）吃緊 | the medical service will be strained | the medical service will be strained if the number of the old generation increases |
| retirement age / pension | 退休年齡／年金 | be eligible to receive a pension | （筆記片語）who will be eligible to receive a pension |
| alleviate one’s burden | 減輕負擔 | — | the help from the elderly can undoubtedly alleviate their burden as well as the expenditure on babysitters |
| invaluable insights | 寶貴的見解 | — | the invaluable insights they give to younger generation（族群名稱要加 the） |
| the underprivileged / the financially disadvantaged | 弱勢者／經濟弱勢 | — | some underprivileged individuals in such countries cannot enjoy the advantages of a happy life |
| wealth distribution | 財富分配 | — | the wealth distribution can give them a chance to more fulfilling lives（少了動詞，要改 a chance to lead more fulfilling lives） |
| take risks | 冒險 | in personal and professional lives | if we take risks in the workplace, we may reach better chances to get a promotion or higher salary |
| go bankrupt | 破產 | — | we may go bankrupt as a result of inappropriate conduct of investing in risky portfolios（訂正後） |
| in a destructive manner | 以破壞性的方式 | — | risks may impact our lives in a destructive manner simultaneously |
| impose a higher tax on | 課更高的稅 | impose a tax on junk food | Some people state that this problem can be solved if the authorities concerned impose related taxes |
| an unbalanced diet | 飲食不均衡 | — | increasing the price of sugary products will result in an unbalanced diet（Task 7） |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 高齡化的壞處 | ① 政府與家庭的經濟負擔 ② 醫療資源吃緊，排擠其他產業經費 | 培養醫生護士需要大量經費與時間 |
| 高齡化的好處 | ① 長輩幫忙帶孫，減輕雙薪父母負擔與保母費 ② 分享人生經驗與寶貴見解 | 年輕人向長輩請教職涯建議 |
| 國家變更富有，人民會更快樂 | ① 有預算蓋更多娛樂設施 ② 財富重新分配，弱勢者生活改善 | 新加坡、澳門的大型度假村 |
| 冒險的好處 | ① 職場：更好的升遷與薪水 ② 個人：投資可能帶來高報酬 | 股票比債券風險高，但報酬可能更高 |
| 冒險的壞處 | ① 失去工作、犧牲健康與家庭時間 ② 投資失利破產；極限運動受傷 | 高空鞦韆、跳傘、高空彈跳 |
| 反對對甜食加價 | ① 對經濟弱勢不公平 ② 教育才是更有效的方法 | 漲價後廠商收入增加，反而可能生產更多 |
可套用的主題句＋例子
主題句：On the contrary, the advantages of an aging population surpass the disadvantages.
我寫的支持理由：Firstly, old people can assist in taking care of their grandchildren, further relieving their offspring’s pressure. In other words, since modern parents tend to work during weekdays, the help from the elderly can undoubtedly alleviate their burden as well as the expenditure on babysitters.
我寫的支持理由：Firstly, old people can assist in taking care of their grandchildren, further relieving their offspring’s pressure. In other words, since modern parents tend to work during weekdays, the help from the elderly can undoubtedly alleviate their burden as well as the expenditure on babysitters.
這個論點的好處是「生活化」，幾乎每個人都能想到身邊的例子。我在筆記裡也特別提醒自己：這種主題用個人經驗或生活例子就好，不要硬加數據。生活例子能說清楚因果，比一個編出來的百分比更有說服力。
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有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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