IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
這篇筆記： 一個逗點撐不起兩個句子的逗點串句怎麼修，so…that、it is wise 等高頻小錯，再附交卷前 3 分鐘的檢查清單、錯誤本練法和 10 題小練習。
最常被改的文法錯誤｜共 3 篇
- 1. 為什麼卡關、單複數與冠詞
- 2. 介係詞、if 句與主詞動詞一致
- 3. 逗點串句與檢查清單（你正在讀）
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看
八、逗點串句（run-on）：一個逗點撐不起兩個句子
逗點串句（comma splice / run-on sentence）是指用一個逗點把兩個完整句子接在一起。中文可以一路逗點到底，英文不行。我寫長句時最常犯，而且自己讀的時候完全不覺得有問題。
| 我寫的（✗） | 改法（✓） |
|---|---|
| ✗ I firmly believe that this is a negative development, this is because it not only reduces…（Task 6） | ✓ I firmly believe that this is a negative development because it not only reduces… |
| ✗ Traveling by airplanes may cause pollution or fuel consumption, however, if air travel is limited, tourists may need to travel by automobiles… | ✓ Air travel may cause pollution; however, if it is restricted, tourists may need to travel by car… |
| ✗ Infrastructure like hospitals and schools are all well-established, after the new housing is built, people can live in immediately. | ✓ Infrastructure such as hospitals and schools is already well established. Therefore, people can move in as soon as the new housing is built. |
| ✗ the arts are an essential part for many people of their daily life, if the government decreases the expenditure on arts, an array of people will find it difficult… | ✓ the arts are an essential part of many people’s daily lives. If the government cuts arts spending, many people will find it difficult… |
修法只有四種，記起來就好：
| 修法 | 例子 | 適合情況 |
|---|---|---|
| ① 句號斷開 | A. B. | 兩句關係不緊密，或句子已經很長 |
| ② 分號 | A; B. / A; however, B. | 兩句關係緊密；however、therefore 前面用分號，不是逗點 |
| ③ 對等連接詞 | A, and / but / so B. | 簡單的並列或轉折 |
| ④ 改成從屬子句 | Because A, B. / A because B. | 有因果、條件、時間關係 |
學姊提醒：看到 however、therefore、hence、moreover 前面是逗點，而且前後都是完整句子，就是逗點串句。這些是「副詞」，不是連接詞，沒有接合兩個句子的能力。我交卷前會專門用眼睛掃這四個字。
九、其他高頻小錯：so…that、it is wise、副詞位置、拼字
1. so … that 後面一定要有主詞
這句我寫了不下十次：「…is so imperative that should not be ignored」。so…that 後面接的是完整子句，缺了主詞 it。
✗ global warming is so imperative that should not be ignored（Task 3）
✓ global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored
✗ since the importance of children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored（Task 45）
✓ since children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored
✓ global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored
✗ since the importance of children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored（Task 45）
✓ since children’s education is so important that it should not be ignored
第二句的主詞動詞都對了，但「the importance of … is so important」是語意重複（重要性很重要）。直接用 children’s education 當主詞就好。另外 imperative 通常用在 It is imperative that / to…（勢在必行），拿來形容「問題很嚴重」並不自然，用 serious、pressing 更準確。
2. it is wise，不是 it is wisely
| ✗ | ✓ | 規則 |
|---|---|---|
| it is more wisely not to restrict… | it is wiser not to restrict… | be 動詞後面接形容詞 |
| It is wisely for retired people to use… | It is wise for retired people to use… | 同上 |
| it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it | it is likely that they will purchase it | it is + 形容詞 + that；而且 undoubtedly 語氣太滿 |
| makes students easier to adapt to changes | makes it easier for students to adapt | easy 的主詞是「事情」不是「人」 |
| workers who study different subjects are easier to find another job | it is easier for such workers to find another job | 同上（中文「比較容易找工作」直翻） |
3. 副詞位置：放在一般動詞前、be 動詞和助動詞後
✗ the competitiveness of society will increase undoubtedly.
✓ the competitiveness of society will undoubtedly increase.
✓ She will certainly succeed.
✓ the competitiveness of society will undoubtedly increase.
✓ She will certainly succeed.
4. when / while 分詞構句
| ✗ | ✓ |
|---|---|
| When workers participating in these activities, … | When workers participate in these activities, … |
| — | When participating in these activities, workers …（主詞相同才能省略） |
5. 拼字與易混淆字
拼字錯在評分上屬於詞彙（LR）的問題，但它跟文法一樣是「交卷前檢查就能救」的錯，一起列在這裡：
| 我寫的 | 正確 | 備註 |
|---|---|---|
| well-bring | well-being | 試改裡出現 3 次 |
| basic（on a regular basic） | basis | 名詞 vs 形容詞 |
| post a threat | pose a threat | 一字之差意思完全不同 |
| leaved students | school leavers / high school graduates | leave 的過去分詞是 left，而且題目本身就給了 school leavers |
| median corporations | medium-sized companies | median 是統計的中位數 |
| own their poverty | own their property | 拼錯變成「擁有貧窮」 |
| reaching prices | winning prizes | price 價格／prize 獎 |
| satisfice our health | sacrifice our health | 筆記裡特地寫了：sacrifice 犧牲 / satisfice 滿意 |
| Similarity, … | Similarly, … | 名詞 vs 副詞 |
| flexiable、brillant、mendatory | flexible、brilliant、mandatory | 平常就要多看幾次 |
| infrastructure、vacancy、metropolitan、agricultural | （我筆記裡的「會拼錯的單字」） | 考前抄寫三次 |
十、交卷前 3 分鐘的文法檢查清單＋怎麼練
知道錯在哪是一回事，考場上能不能避免是另一回事。我最後兩個月的做法是：每篇寫完留 3 分鐘，只做「機械式掃描」，不再改內容。掃描的順序如下：
| 順序 | 掃什麼 | 我會特別看的字 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 每個名詞：可數不可數？單數有沒有冠詞？複數有沒有 s？ | information、advertising、research、time、money、people、generation |
| 2 | 每個動詞：主詞是誰？三單有沒有 s？被動有沒有 be？ | 長主詞、動名詞主詞、the number of / a number of |
| 3 | 每個 however / therefore / hence 前面 | 是不是逗點串句？改分號或句號 |
| 4 | 每個 so…that、if、when | that 後面有沒有主詞；if 子句有沒有 be 動詞 |
| 5 | 介係詞 | in the workplace、on a regular basis、emphasis on、pose a threat to |
| 6 | 時態 | 舉過去事件時有沒有跳回現在式；地圖題年份 |
平常怎麼練：建立自己的「錯誤本」
- 只抄自己的錯：每次作文改回來，把被改的句子原封不動抄下來，右邊寫改法，最下面用一句中文寫「錯誤類型」。我的筆記「介係詞／單複數」那一頁就是這樣長出來的。
- 分類而不是按日期：單複數、冠詞、介係詞、主詞動詞一致、時態、句子結構，各自一區。累積到第 20 篇時，你會發現 80% 的錯集中在兩三類。
- 每週重寫一次錯句：把錯誤本的錯句遮住改法，自己改一次。改得出來才算真的會。
- 寫作時少用一點太長的句子：一句超過 35 個字，就考慮拆成兩句。GRA 7 要的是「很多完全正確的句子」，不是「很多很長的句子」。
- 用不同顏色標記：我會用紅色標單複數、藍色標介係詞。一眼看過去哪種顏色最多，就知道下一篇要特別注意什麼。
學姊提醒：不要一次想修好所有文法。我是每兩週只盯一類錯誤：先盯單複數，再盯冠詞，再盯逗點串句。專注一類的時候，那一類的錯會掉得很快。
十一、小練習（附解答）
下面 10 句都改編自我的真實作文。每句至少有一個錯，試著自己改改看，再打開解答。
- Each of the students have their own preference.
- Since people is busy, they rarely read the information on advertisement.
- The government should put more emphasis to public transport.
- The police is responsible for public safety, and polices often work in dangerous environment.
- If museums unable to earn money from tickets, the quality of exhibitions will decline.
- Owning a house are a symbol of social status in many Asian countries.
- Smartphones are useful, however, they reduce face-to-face communication.
- Climate change is so serious that should not be ignored.
- Many young people spend a tremendous time on social media on a daily basic.
- Entertainers make the public overemphasize on appearance, it distorts younger generation’s values.
點我看解答
- Each of the students has his or her own preference.（或改 All the students have their own preferences.）——each of + 複數名詞，動詞仍用單數。
- Since people are busy, they rarely read the information in advertisements.——people 是複數；information 不可數；廣告內容用 in。
- The government should put more emphasis on public transport.——emphasis on。
- The police are responsible for public safety, and police officers often work in dangerous environments.——police 當複數，不能加 s。
- If museums are unable to earn money from tickets, the quality of exhibitions will decline.——if 子句缺 be 動詞。
- Owning a house is a symbol of social status in many Asian countries.——動名詞主詞用單數動詞。
- Smartphones are useful; however, they reduce face-to-face communication.（或用句號斷開）——逗點串句。
- Climate change is so serious that it should not be ignored.——so…that 後要完整子句。
- Many young people spend a tremendous amount of time on social media on a daily basis.——time 不可數；basis 拼字。
- Entertainers make the public overemphasize appearance, which distorts the younger generation’s values.（或 …appearance. This distorts…）——overemphasize 不加 on；逗點串句；族群名稱加 the。
如果你 10 題能改對 8 題以上，代表規則已經懂了，接下來的重點是「寫作當下會不會想起來」，交給上面的檢查清單。如果錯超過 3 題，建議先把第二到第八段（在第 1 篇、第 2 篇和本篇）的表格抄進自己的錯誤本，再拿最近寫的一篇作文對照掃一次。
這是〈最常被改的文法錯誤〉的最後一篇。想從頭複習可以回到 第 1 篇。
延伸閱讀
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 寫作語言（第 1 / 4 篇）
下一篇 →：同義替換怎麼做才不扣分？通用同義字表、背景句公式與黑名單單字
✦ Target Your Future
有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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