這篇筆記： 整理「視 A 為 B」的 3 看 3T 2R 口訣、Undoubtedly 背景句公式和我後來為什麼少用它，以及副詞怎麼加強語氣又不說太滿。
同義替換｜共 3 篇
- 1. 換字原則與同義字表
- 2. 視 A 為 B、背景句與副詞（你正在讀）
- 3. 黑名單單字與實戰練習
四、「視 A 為 B」：3 看 3T 2R
「有些人把 A 看作 B」是大作文開頭最常用的意思之一。我筆記裡把它整理成一個口訣：3 看、3T、2R。
| 口訣 | 動詞 | 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 看 | see、view、look upon | see / view / look upon A as B | Some people view university education as the key to a successful career. |
| 3T | take、treat、think of | take / treat / think of A as B | Many parents treat smartphones as a babysitter. |
| 2R | regard、refer to | regard / refer to A as B | Others regard team sports as the best way to learn cooperation. |
| 補充 | consider | consider A (to be) B | I consider this a negative development. |
我作文裡的真實用法
I consider this method of advertisement a negative development.（Advertising 2023/09）
…explain why I consider it an adverse development.（Owning a home, Task 41 筆記版）
使用注意
- refer to A as B 原意是「把 A 稱作 B」，比較像「命名」。拿來表達「認為」可以，但語感沒有 regard / view 那麼直接，一篇用一次就好。
- consider A B 中間不加 as 最標準；consider A as B 有人用，但寫考試時選最保險的版本。
- as 後面接名詞最保險：我筆記裡寫了「as 後面不直接加形容詞 → as something equal」。嚴格來說，regard / see A as + 形容詞（regard it as important）在英文裡是可以的；但 refer to A as 是「稱呼」，後面要接名詞，所以我那句 refer to … as equal 才需要改成 as something equal。考試時統一接名詞（as a priority、as something meaningful），就不用煩惱。
- 同一段不要連續用兩個不同的「視為」動詞，看起來像在炫技。開頭用一次 look upon，結論換 view，就很夠了。
五、Undoubtedly 背景句：公式、範例與後來的調整
我準備寫作的前期，幾乎每篇開頭第一句都是 Undoubtedly 開頭的「背景句」，第二句才改寫題目。這個公式的好處是開頭不會卡住，壞處是用久了很像套模板。先看公式：
Undoubtedly, as + 主詞 + 動詞（趨勢）, 主詞 + has / have become ….
我筆記裡的背景句範例（附我後來的修正）
| 原本寫的 | 問題 | 修正後 |
|---|---|---|
| Undoubtedly, with the rapid development of technology, the transmission of information has been becoming more and more efficient and effective. | 現在完成進行式用在這裡很繞 | …, the transmission of information has become increasingly efficient. |
| Undoubtedly, with the increasing number of population worldwide, the scarcity of housing has become progressively more pronounced. | population 不用 number 來數 | Undoubtedly, as the global population continues to grow, the scarcity of housing has become increasingly pronounced. |
| Undoubtedly, with time progressing, the interactions between neighbors have become less frequent than before… | with time progressing 不是母語者會用的說法 | Undoubtedly, as time passes, interactions between neighbours have become increasingly infrequent, eroding the sense of community. |
| Undoubtedly, due to the non-stop trend of globalization that came around a decade ago, learning at least a foreign language or more has been of great importance. | 句子太長、come around 用法不準 | （示範）Undoubtedly, in an increasingly globalised world, learning a foreign language has become essential. |
| Undoubtedly, social status and wealth seem to play a crucial role in all the criteria for judging an individual. | 這句沒有趨勢，但 OK | 保留；「play a crucial role in」是很好用的搭配 |
後來我為什麼少用 Undoubtedly
五月中以後，我的開頭慢慢從「Undoubtedly＋背景句＋Whereas some people look upon…＋As for my perception…＋the reasons will be thoroughly elaborated on as follows」這種四句長模板，改成兩句：改寫題目＋表明立場。原因有三個，都是我自己對照評分標準後的分析：
- 字數浪費：模板開頭動輒 60–70 字，佔掉一篇 300 字的五分之一，主體段落反而寫不深。
- Undoubtedly 語氣太滿：「毫無疑問」用在「科技快速發展」還說得通，但很多題目的背景其實有爭議，用 Undoubtedly 開頭反而顯得武斷。
- 看起來像背誦：同一組句子每篇都出現，考官很容易看出是套用的，對 LR 和 CC 都沒有加分。
我六月之後拿 7–7.5 的幾篇，開頭第一句多半是這三種：
| 句型 | 我實際寫的 | 出處 |
|---|---|---|
| It is true that… | It is true that eating too many sugary products leads to health problems. | Task 7 |
| It is argued that… | It is argued that saving money for the future is essential for all generations. | Saving money（19-3） |
| It is commonly thought that… | It is commonly thought that the frequent usage of electronic devices keeps individuals from developing their interpersonal skills. | Digital devices（Task 35） |
| 直接改寫題目 | In some nations, the proportion of young adults is bigger than that of the older generation. | Task 45 |
六、副詞彙整：加強語氣，但不要說太滿
副詞是讓句子有語氣的地方，但也是最容易「說太滿」的地方。我筆記裡的副詞彙整如下：
| 意思 | 副詞 | 使用提醒 |
|---|---|---|
| 完全 | utterly、absolutely、entirely | utterly 多接負面：utterly unacceptable |
| 毫無疑問 | undoubtedly、undeniably、apparently | 筆記原本寫 undeniable，那是形容詞，副詞是 undeniably；apparently 是「顯然、據說」，語氣比較弱 |
| 相對 | relatively、comparatively | relatively cheap、comparatively outstanding |
| 同時 | simultaneously、at the same time | 我很愛在句尾放 simultaneously，一篇不要超過一次 |
| 顯著地 | significantly、considerably、dramatically | dramatically 用在變化很大時 |
| 無可辯駁 | （句型）It is irrefutable that…、There is no denying that…、It is readily apparent that… | It is undeniable that…（形容詞）也可以 |
不要說太滿：undoubtedly / definitely 的使用時機
回頭看我的作文，有一個很明顯的習慣：每段都塞 undoubtedly、undeniably、definitely。例如試改 3 寫「it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it」，訂正後變成「it is likely that they will purchase it」。這不只是文法問題，也是邏輯問題：看了廣告就「毫無疑問」會買嗎？當然不是。
| 太滿的說法 | 比較合理的說法 |
|---|---|
| undoubtedly / definitely will | is likely to、tends to、may well |
| always | often、usually、in many cases |
| everyone / nobody | most people、few people |
| It is undoubtedly that…（文法也錯） | It is likely that… / There is no doubt that… |
副詞的位置也要注意：放在一般動詞前面、be 動詞和助動詞後面。✓ will undoubtedly increase；✗ will increase undoubtedly。
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IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 寫作語言（第 2 / 4 篇）
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✦ Target Your Future
有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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