【雅思寫作|小作文架構】靜態圖怎麼寫?(2/3):對比寫法、respectively 用法、兩年圓餅與綜合圖

雅思寫作封面:靜態圖怎麼寫 對比與綜合圖(PART 2 / 3)
IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
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這篇筆記: while、whereas 等四種對比寫法、respectively 的四條規則、兩個年份的圓餅圖怎麼寫出變化,以及兩張圖怎麼串。

靜態圖怎麼寫|共 3 篇

  1. 1. 題型、比例與比較級
  2. 2. 對比與 respectively(你正在讀)
  3. 3. 表格、扣分點與練習
靜態圖對比的四種寫法、respectively 的四條規則,以及兩個年份的圓餅圖和綜合圖的寫法重點
一張圖看懂:對比、respectively、兩年圓餅與綜合圖

五、while、whereas、compared with:對比的四種寫法

連接方式位置示範
while/whereas句中,連接兩個子句Housing was the largest item in Hong Kong, whereas other goods and services dominated in Britain.
compared with/to句首或句中,接名詞Compared with 17% in Britain, transport made up only 9% in Hong Kong.
By contrast/In contrast句首,連接兩個句子By contrast, clothing was the smallest item in both places.
Similarly/Likewise句首,表示相同Similarly, clothing accounted for the smallest share in Hong Kong.

以上四句都是示範句。很常見的錯誤,是把 In contrast 用在其實「相同」的地方。香港家庭支出那篇(Task 14)我在最後一句用 Similarly 帶出「兩地都是衣服最少」,就是正確的用法。下筆前先問自己:這兩句是「相反」還是「相同」?相反用 whereas/by contrast,相同用 similarly/both。

✗ 原文 In contrast, with only 300 students under 11 choosing modern dance classes, over 500 students over 11-year-old like this type of class.
→ 改法 Modern dance, by contrast, was more popular among older students, with over 500 aged 11–16 compared with only about 300 under 11.
(Task 44)11-year-old 當形容詞時不能放在名詞後;題目的年齡層是 11–16,不是 over 11。用 compared with 把兩個數字放在一起,比較更清楚。

六、respectively 用法:最容易被扣的小字

respectively 是靜態圖的高頻字,也是我錯最多次的字。規則其實只有四條:

  1. 前面要有兩個以上的主詞,後面要有同樣數量的數字,而且順序一一對應:A and B accounted for 30% and 20% respectively。
  2. 只有一個數字時不能用。兩個項目都是 15%,要寫 each accounting for 15%,不是 15% respectively。
  3. 一個句子最多一個 respectively,一段最好也只用一次,不然讀者要一直往回對。
  4. separately 不能取代 respectively。separately 是「分開地」,意思不一樣。
✗ 原文 As for French and other language, both of them contributed equally, constituting 15% respectively of the total.
→ 改法 French and another language contributed equally, each constituting 15% of the total.
(Task 11)只有一個數字 15%,用 each。

✗ 原文 … including no other language, French only, and German only all took up 10% separately.
→ 改法 … no other language, French only and German only each took up 10%.
(Task 11)separately 不是「分別佔」的意思。

✗ 原文 Besides that, coal and oil, contributing 25 units, respectively, were the second and third highest production sources.
→ 改法 Coal and oil each contributed 25 units, ranking joint second.
(Task 42)兩個都是 25 units,respectively 用不上;而且數字一樣就不能說第二、第三,應該是並列第二。

✓ 好句 Besides that, housing and transport contributed essentially equally, which constituted 18% and 17% of the total, respectively.
(Task 14)兩個主詞、兩個數字、順序對應,這是正確的用法。小修:which 改成分詞 constituting 更順。

七、兩個年份的圓餅圖:怎麼寫出變化

兩個年份的圓餅圖,本質上是「兩張靜態圖+一個變化」。Body 通常依年份分段(第一年一段、第二年一段),但第二段不能只是把第二年的數字重講一次,要帶出「和第一年比起來怎麼了」。可以用的幾個說法:

想表達句型示範
本來最大,後來更大A increased its dominanceCoal increased its dominance in Australia, rising from 50 to 130 units.
仍然最大A remained the largest categorySpanish remained the most common language in 2010.
名次互換B overtook A as the largestBy 2000, nuclear power had overtaken coal as France’s main source.
從無到有/從有到無A emerged/A disappearedHydro power almost disappeared from France’s energy mix.(若圖表顯示如此)

以上為示範句。發電來源那篇(Task 42)的 Overview 寫得很好:兩國總發電量都上升,澳洲變化最大的是煤、法國是核能,兩句話就抓到題目的核心。但 Body 有個大漏洞:澳洲 2000 年的水力發電是 36 units,是第二大來源,我完全沒寫,反而寫了只有 2 units 的石油和天然氣。這篇 TA 只有 6,我覺得主要就是這個原因:挑數據時挑了小的、漏了大的。

另一個細節是單位。發電圓餅圖每一塊標的是 units,不是百分比;1980 年澳洲總量剛好 100 units,寫 50% 不算錯,但到了 2000 年總量是 170 units,就不能再把 130 寫成 130%。圖上給什麼單位,就照著寫,比例要自己算的話,寫 roughly three quarters of the total 這種概數就好。

八、綜合圖:兩張圖怎麼串

兩張不同種類的圖(圓餅+長條、長條+表格)看起來很嚇人,其實結構最簡單:一張圖一段。難的是 Introduction 和 Overview 要同時照顧兩張圖。

段落寫法Ting 原文
Introduction第一張圖+while/and+第二張圖,各自寫清楚圖種The graphs compare where the dance classes are located and which classes do students attend.(Task 44,小修:which classes students attend)
Overview第一句講圖一的重點,第二句講圖二的重點Overall, most classes are located in private studios. Additionally, people under 11 are more likely to attend ballet dance classes, whereas modern classes are older students’ preferences.(Task 44)
Body 1圖一的細節Regarding the location, private studios are the most common places …(Task 44)
Body 2圖二的細節As for the types of dance classes, ballet is the most popular one …(Task 44)

舞蹈課那篇(Task 44)CC 拿到 8,就是因為結構一目了然。小問題是 most classes are located in private studios:私人舞蹈教室佔 48%,不到一半,用 most 會被認為不準確,改成 the largest proportion of classes 比較好。

綜合圖最怕看錯圖:試改2 的教訓

出口那題(試改2)是長條圖加表格:長條圖是五類出口品 2015、2016 年的金額,表格是各類的變化百分比。我那篇的總分是 6.5,主要問題有兩個:

✗ 原文 The line chart compares the export earnings …
圖種寫錯,這是長條圖。

✗ 原文 In terms of the percentage change in value, all of the categories grew except gems and jewellery, which showed a 0.81% decrease.
→ 改法 In terms of percentage change, all categories grew except gems and jewellery, which fell by 5.18%. Agricultural products saw the smallest rise, at only 0.81%.
表格裡珠寶類是下降 5.18%,0.81% 是農產品的上升幅度。這種讀錯一列的錯誤,直接影響 TA。

另外,那篇 Overview 寫 the revenue of four out of five categories increased by far in 2016,by far 是用來加強最高級的(by far the largest),不能修飾 increased。綜合圖兩張圖的數據互相支持,正好可以加一句連接:長條圖裡紡織品漲最多,表格裡紡織品也是 15.24% 最高,寫成 This is reflected in the table, where textiles show the highest growth rate. 就把兩張圖串起來了(示範)。

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有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。

把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。

願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。

— Ting

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