動態圖怎麼寫|共 3 篇
- 1. 題型、分段與趨勢字
- 2. 句型、預測與比較句(你正在讀)
- 3. 改寫、扣分點與練習
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看

五、兩種必用句型:動詞句與名詞句
所有趨勢描述都可以套進這兩種句型。整篇輪流使用,LR 和 GRA 自然就會有變化。
The proportion of internet users in Canada rose dramatically between 1999 and 2003.
句型 B:There was a+形容詞+名詞+in+主詞
There was a dramatic rise in the proportion of internet users in Canada between 1999 and 2003.
句型 B 的變化:主詞+saw / experienced / witnessed+a+形容詞+名詞
Canada witnessed a dramatic rise in internet use between 1999 and 2003.
以上三句為示範。注意 witnessed 的主詞要是「國家、地區、時期」這類可以「經歷」的東西,或 the figure/the number 本身。
什麼時候用哪一種?一個簡單的原則是:描述某一條線的完整走勢時用句型 A,因為動詞可以接得很長(rose … , after which it fell … , before recovering …);想強調某一段時間的變化時用句型 B,例如 There was a sharp drop in the prices of all three metals in June,把「六月大跌」變成句子的焦點。兩種輪流用,一段裡面不要連續三句都是同一種開頭。
另外,句型 B 的主詞很容易寫錯。There was a dramatic rise in Canada 是「加拿大這個國家上升」,意思不清楚;要寫成 There was a dramatic rise in the proportion of internet users in Canada,in 後面接的是「什麼數值」。
Ting 原文:句型用得好的地方
(Task 8)起點+after which+下降+持平,一句話交代三段走勢。小修:began with a 6% increase。
✓ 好句 Regarding Canada, beginning with just 10%, the percentage of Internet users rose dramatically and overtook that in the USA at roughly 40% in 2002.
(Task 28)分詞片語交代起點,主要子句講上升和超越,overtook that in the USA 用 that 代替 the percentage。
✓ 好句 Starting at about 27% in 1990, spending in Portugal dropped steadily in the following fifteen years, ending up at 20% in 2005.
(Task 40,7.5 分)Starting at … , S+V+adv, ending up at …,起點、趨勢、終點一次到位,是我最推薦背下來的骨架。
六、起點、終點、峰值的寫法
| 位置 | 句型骨架 | Ting 原文或示範 |
|---|---|---|
| 起點 | Starting at / Beginning with X in 年份, … S stood at X in 年份. | Starting at nearly 6%, it was the lowest compared with other two nations in 1999.(Task 28,小修:the other two nations) |
| 中間 | …, after which it fell to X. … before recovering to X. | after that it dipped to just below 60 in 2010 and recovered to about 66 in 2020.(Task 29) |
| 峰值 | S peaked at X in 年份. S reached a peak of X in 年份. | … but peaked in 2000, with Italia reached nearly 23.5% …(Task 40,小修:with Italy reaching) |
| 交叉 | A overtook / surpassed B in 年份. A was overtaken by B. | … was surpassed by that for transport in 2003 at approximately 0.9 million(Task 36) |
| 終點 | …, finishing the period at X. …, ending up at X in 年份. | … finishing the period at 15% in 2005.(Task 40) |
Ting 原文:常見錯誤與改法
→ 改法 After that, it dropped dramatically and fell below the figure for other industries at around 1.7 million in 1996.
(Task 36)電力那條線是往下掉、被「其他工業」超過,主詞要用被動 was overtaken by,或用 fell below。overtook 方向剛好相反,這種錯會直接影響 TA。
✗ 原文 However, the proportion of the UK was far fewer than that of Italia …
→ 改法 However, the proportion in the UK was far lower than that in Italy …
(Task 40)比例、數值、百分比用 high/low;fewer 只能接可數名詞(fewer people)。
✗ 原文 … ending up the second common choice with nearly 51.
→ 改法 … ending up as the second most popular activity, with about 54 participants.
(Task 29)圖上 2020 年桌球大約 54 人,不是 51;second most popular 要有 most。數字估得太保守,也是「看錯圖」的一種。
✗ 原文 Additionally, with ten-twelfths of months in 2014 witnessed an upward trend in the range of approximately 0.5% and 1.5%.
→ 改法 In ten of the twelve months, copper prices rose by between approximately 0.5% and 1.5%.
(Task 8)原句沒有主要動詞,是一個不完整的句子;分數寫法也太繞。
七、長條圖和表格也可能是動態圖
很多人以為只有折線圖才要用趨勢字,其實長條圖、表格只要有兩個以上的年份,寫法就和折線圖一樣,只是讀數比較費眼力。我寫美國家庭收入長條圖(Task 5)時就吃了這個虧:題目有 2007、2011、2015 三個年份、五個收入組別,我按「低收入組」「高收入組」分兩段,方向是對的,但有三個問題。
- Overview 只講了「哪一組最多、哪一組最少」,沒有講三個年份之間的整體變化。
- 數據讀錯:$25,000–$49,999 組 2007 年大約 27 百萬戶,我寫成 26m;年份還把 2007 打成 2017。
- 分組標題寫 households in less than $74,999,但段落裡其實包含三個組別,不夠精確,可以改成 the three lower-income groups。
那篇 TA 只有 5,總分 6。對照後來的道路支出長條圖(Task 40),四個國家的走勢可以整理成:義大利降升降、英國降升降、葡萄牙一路降、美國降升升,我依走勢把它們分成兩組,那篇拿到 7.5。建議讀長條圖時,先在題目紙上替每一組畫小箭頭:長條圖的第一步,就是把一根根長條「看成一條線」。
八、預測年份:is expected / projected to
如果圖表橫軸延伸到未來(例如 2030、2040),題目通常會寫 projections 或 forecast。過去的年份照樣用過去式,未來的年份就要換成預測語氣。我在 2024 年那 50 篇裡剛好沒有遇到預測題,但筆記裡整理過句型,以下全是示範句:
| 句型 | 示範 |
|---|---|
| S+is expected to+V | The proportion is expected to reach 60% by 2040. |
| S+is projected to+V | Car production in the UK is projected to fall slightly after 2030. |
| It is predicted that+S+will+V | It is predicted that the gap between the two countries will narrow. |
| by+未來年份+will have+p.p. | By 2040, the figure will have doubled. |
| this upward trend is expected to continue | Overall, all four countries became more urbanised, and this upward trend is expected to continue. |
預測題還有一個小陷阱:過去和未來的分界年份。如果圖表的實線畫到 2020、虛線從 2020 延伸到 2040,那 2020 以前用過去式,2020 以後用 is expected to。Body 分段時,也可以考慮「過去一段、未來一段」,只要每段都有主題句,讀者就不會混亂。
九、比較句:讓線條之間有關係
動態圖如果只是一條線一條線描述,TA 很難上 7,因為題目要求 make comparisons where relevant。建議每個 Body 至少放一句比較:
| 比較什麼 | 句型 | 示範或 Ting 原文 |
|---|---|---|
| 誰超越誰 | A overtook B / A outpaced B | … overtook that of other two activities in 2015(Task 29,小修:the other two) |
| 倍數 | A was twice as high as B | In 2005, spending in Italy was more than twice as high as that in the UK.(示範) |
| 差距 | the gap between A and B widened / narrowed | The gap between Canada and Mexico widened throughout the period.(示範) |
| 相似趨勢 | A and B showed a similar trend | both fluctuated during the time frame(Task 40) |
| 相反趨勢 | A …, whereas B … | … decreased in Italy, Portugal and the UK, while that in the USA witnessed an upward trend.(Task 40) |
比較句不一定要很長。網路使用率那篇(Task 28),我在加拿大那段用一句 overtook that in the USA 把兩國連起來,又在墨西哥那段寫 it was the lowest compared with other two nations,這兩句就讓三條線不再是各說各話。小修正是 the other two nations 要加 the,因為「另外兩個」是特定的。
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✦ Target Your Future
有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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