【雅思寫作|小作文架構】動態圖怎麼寫?(2/3):兩種必用句型、起點終點峰值、預測年份與比較句

雅思寫作封面:動態圖怎麼寫 句型與比較句(PART 2 / 3)
IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
IELTS 官方標誌
標誌來源:IELTS

這篇筆記: 動詞句和名詞句兩種必用句型、起點終點峰值的寫法、長條圖和表格的動態寫法、預測年份,以及讓線條有關係的比較句。

動態圖怎麼寫|共 3 篇

  1. 1. 題型、分段與趨勢字
  2. 2. 句型、預測與比較句(你正在讀)
  3. 3. 改寫、扣分點與練習
動態圖兩種必用句型、起點中間峰值交叉終點的寫法、四種比較句,以及預測年份用 is expected / projected to
一張圖看懂:動態圖的句型、比較句與預測

五、兩種必用句型:動詞句與名詞句

所有趨勢描述都可以套進這兩種句型。整篇輪流使用,LR 和 GRA 自然就會有變化。

句型 A:主詞+動詞+副詞
The proportion of internet users in Canada rose dramatically between 1999 and 2003.

句型 B:There was a+形容詞+名詞+in+主詞
There was a dramatic rise in the proportion of internet users in Canada between 1999 and 2003.

句型 B 的變化:主詞+saw / experienced / witnessed+a+形容詞+名詞
Canada witnessed a dramatic rise in internet use between 1999 and 2003.

以上三句為示範。注意 witnessed 的主詞要是「國家、地區、時期」這類可以「經歷」的東西,或 the figure/the number 本身。

什麼時候用哪一種?一個簡單的原則是:描述某一條線的完整走勢時用句型 A,因為動詞可以接得很長(rose … , after which it fell … , before recovering …);想強調某一段時間的變化時用句型 B,例如 There was a sharp drop in the prices of all three metals in June,把「六月大跌」變成句子的焦點。兩種輪流用,一段裡面不要連續三句都是同一種開頭。

另外,句型 B 的主詞很容易寫錯。There was a dramatic rise in Canada 是「加拿大這個國家上升」,意思不清楚;要寫成 There was a dramatic rise in the proportion of internet users in Canada,in 後面接的是「什麼數值」。

Ting 原文:句型用得好的地方

✓ 好句 As regards Nickel, it began at 6% increase in January, after which the increase dropped dramatically to about 1% and then levelled off in March and April.
(Task 8)起點+after which+下降+持平,一句話交代三段走勢。小修:began with a 6% increase。

✓ 好句 Regarding Canada, beginning with just 10%, the percentage of Internet users rose dramatically and overtook that in the USA at roughly 40% in 2002.
(Task 28)分詞片語交代起點,主要子句講上升和超越,overtook that in the USA 用 that 代替 the percentage。

✓ 好句 Starting at about 27% in 1990, spending in Portugal dropped steadily in the following fifteen years, ending up at 20% in 2005.
(Task 40,7.5 分)Starting at … , S+V+adv, ending up at …,起點、趨勢、終點一次到位,是我最推薦背下來的骨架。

六、起點、終點、峰值的寫法

位置句型骨架Ting 原文或示範
起點Starting at / Beginning with X in 年份, …
S stood at X in 年份.
Starting at nearly 6%, it was the lowest compared with other two nations in 1999.(Task 28,小修:the other two nations)
中間…, after which it fell to X.
… before recovering to X.
after that it dipped to just below 60 in 2010 and recovered to about 66 in 2020.(Task 29)
峰值S peaked at X in 年份.
S reached a peak of X in 年份.
… but peaked in 2000, with Italia reached nearly 23.5% …(Task 40,小修:with Italy reaching)
交叉A overtook / surpassed B in 年份.
A was overtaken by B.
… was surpassed by that for transport in 2003 at approximately 0.9 million(Task 36)
終點…, finishing the period at X.
…, ending up at X in 年份.
… finishing the period at 15% in 2005.(Task 40)

Ting 原文:常見錯誤與改法

 After that, it dropped dramatically and overtook other industries at around 1.75 million in 1996.
→ 改法 After that, it dropped dramatically and fell below the figure for other industries at around 1.7 million in 1996.
(Task 36)電力那條線是往下掉、被「其他工業」超過,主詞要用被動 was overtaken by,或用 fell below。overtook 方向剛好相反,這種錯會直接影響 TA。

 However, the proportion of the UK was far fewer than that of Italia …
→ 改法 However, the proportion in the UK was far lower than that in Italy …
(Task 40)比例、數值、百分比用 high/low;fewer 只能接可數名詞(fewer people)。

 … ending up the second common choice with nearly 51.
→ 改法 … ending up as the second most popular activity, with about 54 participants.
(Task 29)圖上 2020 年桌球大約 54 人,不是 51;second most popular 要有 most。數字估得太保守,也是「看錯圖」的一種。

 Additionally, with ten-twelfths of months in 2014 witnessed an upward trend in the range of approximately 0.5% and 1.5%.
→ 改法 In ten of the twelve months, copper prices rose by between approximately 0.5% and 1.5%.
(Task 8)原句沒有主要動詞,是一個不完整的句子;分數寫法也太繞。

七、長條圖和表格也可能是動態圖

很多人以為只有折線圖才要用趨勢字,其實長條圖、表格只要有兩個以上的年份,寫法就和折線圖一樣,只是讀數比較費眼力。我寫美國家庭收入長條圖(Task 5)時就吃了這個虧:題目有 2007、2011、2015 三個年份、五個收入組別,我按「低收入組」「高收入組」分兩段,方向是對的,但有三個問題。

  • Overview 只講了「哪一組最多、哪一組最少」,沒有講三個年份之間的整體變化。
  • 數據讀錯:$25,000–$49,999 組 2007 年大約 27 百萬戶,我寫成 26m;年份還把 2007 打成 2017。
  • 分組標題寫 households in less than $74,999,但段落裡其實包含三個組別,不夠精確,可以改成 the three lower-income groups。

那篇 TA 只有 5,總分 6。對照後來的道路支出長條圖(Task 40),四個國家的走勢可以整理成:義大利降升降、英國降升降、葡萄牙一路降、美國降升升,我依走勢把它們分成兩組,那篇拿到 7.5。建議讀長條圖時,先在題目紙上替每一組畫小箭頭:長條圖的第一步,就是把一根根長條「看成一條線」。

學姊提醒:長條圖讀數時,拿尺或筆桿橫放在長條頂端,對到左邊的刻度再估數字。差 1 到 2 個單位通常沒關係,但差到 5 以上,或把兩組的數字對調,就會影響 TA。

八、預測年份:is expected / projected to

如果圖表橫軸延伸到未來(例如 2030、2040),題目通常會寫 projections 或 forecast。過去的年份照樣用過去式,未來的年份就要換成預測語氣。我在 2024 年那 50 篇裡剛好沒有遇到預測題,但筆記裡整理過句型,以下全是示範句:

句型示範
S+is expected to+VThe proportion is expected to reach 60% by 2040.
S+is projected to+VCar production in the UK is projected to fall slightly after 2030.
It is predicted that+S+will+VIt is predicted that the gap between the two countries will narrow.
by+未來年份+will have+p.p.By 2040, the figure will have doubled.
this upward trend is expected to continueOverall, all four countries became more urbanised, and this upward trend is expected to continue.
學姊提醒:同一篇有過去也有未來時,第一句就要點出來,例如 … from 1970 to 2020, with projections up to 2040。Overview 也最好提一句「趨勢預計會延續」或「預計會反轉」。

預測題還有一個小陷阱:過去和未來的分界年份。如果圖表的實線畫到 2020、虛線從 2020 延伸到 2040,那 2020 以前用過去式,2020 以後用 is expected to。Body 分段時,也可以考慮「過去一段、未來一段」,只要每段都有主題句,讀者就不會混亂。

九、比較句:讓線條之間有關係

動態圖如果只是一條線一條線描述,TA 很難上 7,因為題目要求 make comparisons where relevant。建議每個 Body 至少放一句比較:

比較什麼句型示範或 Ting 原文
誰超越誰A overtook B / A outpaced B… overtook that of other two activities in 2015(Task 29,小修:the other two)
倍數A was twice as high as BIn 2005, spending in Italy was more than twice as high as that in the UK.(示範)
差距the gap between A and B widened / narrowedThe gap between Canada and Mexico widened throughout the period.(示範)
相似趨勢A and B showed a similar trendboth fluctuated during the time frame(Task 40)
相反趨勢A …, whereas B …… decreased in Italy, Portugal and the UK, while that in the USA witnessed an upward trend.(Task 40)

比較句不一定要很長。網路使用率那篇(Task 28),我在加拿大那段用一句 overtook that in the USA 把兩國連起來,又在墨西哥那段寫 it was the lowest compared with other two nations,這兩句就讓三條線不再是各說各話。小修正是 the other two nations 要加 the,因為「另外兩個」是特定的。

繼續讀 · 第 3 / 3 篇

改寫、扣分點與練習 →

✦ Target Your Future

有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。

把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。

願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。

— Ting

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