犯罪與司法|共 3 篇
- 1. 常考題目與 8 條論點
- 2. 核心詞彙與筆記原句(你正在讀)
- 3. 示範、錯誤與練習題
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看

三、核心詞彙與搭配詞
這個主題的作文沒有送批改,所以右欄的原句都來自我的筆記;括號裡是我現在會改的寫法。
犯罪與處罰
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | Ting 筆記原句(或示範) |
|---|---|---|
| commit a crime / be deterred from committing a crime | 犯罪/被嚇阻而不犯罪 | those holding similar intentions to break laws will be deterred from committing a crime |
| discourage sb from V-ing | 使某人打消念頭 | putting lawbreakers in prison can discourage the public from conducting inappropriate behavior(discourage people from committing crimes 更直接) |
| look upon … as a viable way | 把…視為可行方法 | Whereas some people look upon imprisonment as a viable way… |
| impose punishment on | 對…施加懲罰 | when the authorities impose punishment on juvenile offenders’ guardians… |
| shoulder the responsibility | 承擔責任 | everyone ought to shoulder the responsibilities by themselves(shoulder responsibility for their own actions) |
| be sent to prison / be imprisoned | 入獄 | If those young people are prisoned…(prison 不是動詞,改 are imprisoned / are sent to prison) |
| serve a sentence / a longer sentence | 服刑/較長的刑期 | (示範)Offenders who serve longer sentences may find it harder to reintegrate into society. |
| a criminal record | 前科 | (示範)People with a criminal record often struggle to find jobs. |
矯正與重返社會
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | Ting 筆記原句(或示範) |
|---|---|---|
| provide offenders with education and training | 提供罪犯教育訓練 | complete education grants lawbreakers opportunities to learn life skills |
| learn life skills / vocational skills | 學習生活技能/職業技能 | 同上 |
| make ends meet | 維持生計 | education enables those who commit a crime capable of finding jobs and making ends meet(enables them to find jobs and make ends meet) |
| tell right from wrong | 明辨是非 | when receiving thorough moral and legal education, criminals can tell right from wrong |
| reduce reoffending / the reoffending rate | 降低再犯 | (示範)Rehabilitation programmes aim to reduce reoffending. |
| reintegrate into society | 重返社會 | (示範)Job placement schemes help ex-offenders reintegrate into society. |
| community service | 社區服務 | (示範)Minor offenders could be sentenced to community service instead of prison. |
預防與成因
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | Ting 筆記原句(或示範) |
|---|---|---|
| dysfunctional families | 失能家庭 | (筆記)用來說明家庭教育的重要:許多罪犯來自失能家庭 |
| lure / recruit young people into crime | 引誘年輕人犯罪 | Gangsters tend to enlighten students to do drug trafficking…(enlighten 是「啟發」,改 lure students into drug trafficking) |
| juvenile delinquency | 青少年犯罪 | (示範)Juvenile delinquency is often linked to a lack of parental supervision. |
| a lack of parental supervision | 缺乏父母監督 | (示範)同上 |
| lower the crime rate | 降低犯罪率 | The crime rate in Singapore is relatively low compared with other nations worldwide |
| a visible police presence | 明顯的警力部署 | (示範)A visible police presence in public places can discourage street crime. |
四、Ting 的筆記原句拆解(未送批改,無分數)
因為這兩篇沒有送批改,下面不標分數,而是用我現在的眼光,對照 IELTS 公開評分標準,看看這些句子在論點和語言上可以怎麼修。
4-1 「坐牢還是教育」的立場句與兩個理由
On the other hand, as far as I am concerned, giving culprits education and training can bring more benefits to individuals and societies.
Firstly, complete education grants lawbreakers opportunities to learn life skills. … Secondly, when receiving thorough moral and legal education, criminals can tell right from wrong, furthermore decreasing the crime rate.
論點方向是對的:第一個理由(學到生活技能)對應「出獄後的謀生能力」,第二個理由(明辨是非)對應「犯罪的根本原因」,兩個理由分別處理經濟和觀念,不會重複,這是一個好的結構。
還差的是「中間那一步」:「學到生活技能」和「不再犯罪」之間,少了「找到工作 → 有穩定收入 → 沒有理由再犯」這段推理;「明辨是非」和「降低犯罪率」之間,也少了「理解行為對受害者的傷害 → 不想再傷害別人」。在 Task Response 的評分標準裡,7 分以上要求論點「延伸並有支持」,如果只有論點和結論,中間沒有推理,就很難被認為是充分發展的論證。
語言:furthermore 是用來連接句子的副詞,不能接分詞,要改成 thereby reducing the crime rate;culprits 雖然是同義字,但口語感較重,正式寫作用 offenders 比較安全;as far as I am concerned 是常見的套句,偶爾用可以,但不要每篇都用。
4-2 「嚇阻」論點的原句
Putting lawbreakers in prison can discourage the public from conducting inappropriate behavior.
Those holding similar intentions to break laws will be deterred from committing a crime.
The crime rate in Singapore is relatively low compared with other nations worldwide.
問題一:用字太模糊。inappropriate behavior 是「不適當的行為」,範圍太大,上課遲到也算不適當;犯罪題要用 criminal behaviour 或 committing crimes。conducting 也不是 behavior 的自然搭配,可以用 engaging in。
問題二:例子和論點之間的因果太跳。新加坡犯罪率低,可能和經濟、教育、監視系統等很多因素有關,直接當作「坐牢有嚇阻效果」的證據,邏輯上不夠嚴謹。比較好的寫法是先說明機制(刑罰重 → 犯罪代價高 → 人會衡量代價),再把新加坡當作「常被拿來說明的例子」,例如 Singapore, known for its strict laws, is often cited as an example。
4-3 「未成年犯罪」的兩方原句
Everyone ought to shoulder the responsibilities by themselves, and young offenders should not be an exception.
Gangsters tend to enlighten students to do drug trafficking because they can easily avoid the police’s attention.
When the authorities impose punishment on juvenile offenders’ guardians, it can motivate the public to pay more attention to educating their offspring.
第二句的例子很好,但用字錯了。「幫派利用學生運毒,因為學生比較不會被警察注意」是一個具體、有說服力的例子,直接證明「不處罰未成年人會被利用」。但 enlighten 是「啟發、使開悟」,完全相反;要改成 lure students into drug trafficking 或 recruit students to traffic drugs。do drug trafficking 也不自然,trafficking 本身就是動作,用 engage in 或直接 traffic drugs。
第三句的主詞可以更精準。處罰監護人,受影響的主要是「父母」,不是 the public(大眾),改成 it can motivate parents to pay more attention to their children’s upbringing,邏輯更直接。
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✦ Target Your Future
有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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