IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
這篇筆記： 整理環境題（物種滅絕、全球暖化、交通與進口食物）和教育題（實用技能、學科選擇與大學）的核心詞彙、我作文裡的原句、正反論點與可套用的主題句。
Task 2 主題單字（上）｜共 3 篇
- 1. 整理方法與科技題
- 2. 環境題與教育題（你正在讀）
- 3. 工作題、背法與練習
三、環境：物種滅絕、全球暖化、交通與進口食物
環境題我寫過「物種滅絕是不是最重要的環境問題」、「提高油價能不能解決交通與汙染」、「該不該限制搭飛機」，以及從科學、進口食物延伸出的環境論點。環境題的單字比較專門，但只要背熟一組，很多題都能共用。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| extinction of species | 物種滅絕 | pose a threat to human life | the extinction of species poses a threat to human life（Task 3） |
| pollination | 授粉 | be responsible for pollination | Bees, which are responsible for pollination, are good examples of this matter（Task 3） |
| biodiversity / diversity of species | 生物多樣性 | decrease significantly、hinder sustained development | the diversity of species will decrease significantly if the extinction keeps happening, hindering sustained development |
| habitat | 棲息地 | adequate habitats、the habitat is shrinking | the habitat of polar bears has been decreasing dramatically as a result of the upward trend of the ocean’s temperature |
| global warming | 全球暖化 | rising sea levels、extreme climate、the greenhouse effect | A wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen |
| greenhouse gases / carbon dioxide | 溫室氣體／二氧化碳 | be released into the atmosphere | greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere（訂正後） |
| carbon footprint | 碳足跡 | have a larger carbon footprint | the carbon footprint of imported foods is larger and makes those foods environmentally unfriendly |
| daily necessities | 生活必需品 | threaten daily necessities | pollution … threatens a wide range of daily necessities including food, land, water, and air（Task 3） |
| fuel consumption | 燃料消耗 | excessive fuel consumption | Traveling by airplanes may cause pollution or fuel consumption |
| public transportation / alternatives | 大眾運輸／替代方案 | improve the public transportation system | workers will choose to go to work by bus or MRT when public transportation is available and cheaper |
| renewable energy | 再生能源 | sustainable、replace fossil fuels | （筆記想點）renewable energy is sustainable, but removing traditional energy may cause unemployment |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 物種滅絕很嚴重 | ① 威脅人類生存（食物鏈、授粉） ② 生物多樣性下降，阻礙永續發展 | 蜜蜂授粉：蔬菜水果的生長都依賴授粉 |
| 其他問題更重要 | ① 全球暖化：海平面上升、極端氣候 ② 汙染：影響食物、土地、水、空氣 | 北極熊棲息地因海水溫度上升而縮小 |
| 反對用價格限制（油價、機票） | ① 有替代品，效果有限（電動車、其他交通工具一樣汙染） ② 不公平，加重經濟負擔 ③ 傷害經濟（觀光、住宿、餐飲） | 限制飛機後，旅客改開車或搭鐵路，同樣消耗能源、造成塞車 |
| 更有效的方法 | ① 教育，改變大眾觀念 ② 提高購車稅或限制購車數量 ③ 改善大眾運輸 | 大眾運輸便宜方便時，上班族自然會改搭公車或捷運 |
可套用的主題句＋例子
主題句：Other environmental problems deserve more attention because [問題] poses a direct threat to people’s lives.
我實際寫的段落（Task 3）：Primarily, global warming is so imperative that should not be ignored, since it definitely poses a threat to people’s lives. A wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen because of global warming.
我實際寫的段落（Task 3）：Primarily, global warming is so imperative that should not be ignored, since it definitely poses a threat to people’s lives. A wide range of unpleasant consequences, such as rising sea levels, extreme climate, and the greenhouse effect will happen because of global warming.
這段的內容很好，但第一句有兩個問題：so … that 後面少了主詞 it，而且 imperative 不適合形容「問題很嚴重」。改成 global warming is so serious that it should not be ignored 就好。這篇 Task Response 拿到 8，但 Coherence 只有 6，我的分析是段落裡的論點列得很完整，但段落之間、句子之間的推進比較像條列，缺少「因為 A，所以 B，進一步造成 C」的連結。
四、教育：實用技能、學科選擇與大學
教育題是我寫最多的主題之一：學校該不該教實用技能（正反各寫一篇）、大學生該不該修主修以外的科目、政府經費該不該只給理科、團隊運動是不是學合作的最好方法、為什麼越來越多人想讀大學。
核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| practical skills / real-world skills | 實用技能 | learn practical skills along with academic subjects | practical skills grant schoolchildren opportunities to pick up some indispensable capabilities |
| academic subjects | 學術科目 | concentrate on academic subjects | depriving them of concentrating on academic subjects |
| school curriculum（複數 curricula） | 學校課程 | be included in the school curriculum | I support the inclusion of practical skills in the school curriculum |
| schoolchildren / pupils | 學童 | — | real-world skills distract schoolchildren from their academic studies |
| proficiency in | 精通 | require proficiency in | An array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public |
| be allocated to | 被分配到 | limited school time should be allocated to… | limited school time should be allocated to studying professional knowledge |
| qualification / certificate | 學歷資格／證照 | study for a qualification、academic qualifications | qualifications are always the strongest evidence when finding jobs（Task 4） |
| broaden one’s horizons | 開闊視野 | — | which can definitely broaden their horizons and help them decide their career paths |
| spark / find new interests | 激發新興趣 | — | they can spark new interests in students |
| foster competent professionals | 培養專業人才 | （我常寫成 competent professions，要改成 professionals） | learning academic subjects fosters competent professions（建議改 professionals） |
| team spirit / cooperation | 團隊精神／合作 | learn cooperation through team sports | those who have a lower interest in sports may be ignored, leading to unfairness |
| physical differences | 體型差異 | prevent children from taking part in team sports | physical differences may prevent children from actively taking part in team sports |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 學校應教實用技能 | ① 提供更多職涯選擇（如公開演說能力） ② 幫助學生找到興趣、決定方向 | 上理財課後發現金融很有趣，進一步激發創業精神 |
| 學校不應教實用技能 | ① 實用技能可以在生活中學，課堂時間應留給學術科目 ② 師資與教材昂貴，排擠其他經費 | 數學和自然在台灣升學考試佔很大比重 |
| 經費不該只給理科 | ① 對不喜歡理科的學生不公平 ② 人才失衡，非理科職缺補不滿 | 學生選科系時會考慮獎學金與出路 |
| 團隊運動不是唯一方法 | ① 不是每個小孩都喜歡運動 ② 體型差異讓部分小孩無法參與 | 我在作文裡舉的個人例子：不喜歡曬太陽、流汗，常找藉口留在室內，結果體育課沒學到團隊合作 |
可套用的主題句＋例子
主題句：The main reason why I think schoolchildren should learn practical skills is that these skills are so useful that they may provide a wide range of career choices.
我實際寫的例子（Task 12，練習 45）：The ability to give a public speech, which requires communication and organization skills, is a good example of this matter. An array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public.
我實際寫的例子（Task 12，練習 45）：The ability to give a public speech, which requires communication and organization skills, is a good example of this matter. An array of jobs like teachers, salespeople, and lawyers undeniably require proficiency in speaking in public.
「X, which requires…, is a good example of this matter」是我那段時間最常用的舉例句型。它的好處是可以把「例子」和「例子為什麼相關」放在同一句。不過用太多會變成套句，一篇最多一次。
同一個主題，換個問法也能用
「大學生該不該修主修以外的科目」（Task 4，Cam18-2）拿到 8 / 6 / 7 / 8。我在這篇用到的論點，跟實用技能、學科經費兩題幾乎可以互通：
| 論點 | Task 4 的用法 | 可以搬到哪一題 |
|---|---|---|
| 適應職場變化 | learning comprehensive subjects makes it easier for students to adapt to changes in the workplace（行政工作被科技取代） | 實用技能題（支持方）、科技取代工作題 |
| 找到真正的興趣 | students can figure out whether they are interested in the main subjects they currently major in | 實用技能題、gap year 題 |
| 學歷是求職最有力的證明 | qualifications are always the strongest evidence when finding jobs | 大學教育題、實用技能題（反對方） |
| 專業知識帶來升遷 | workers with better educational backgrounds and professional knowledge are easier to get promotions（建議改 find it easier to get promoted） | 換工作題、工作滿意度題 |
這篇的 Coherence 只有 6，我回頭看的原因是：每段的兩個理由都只有一句解釋加一個例子，例子和論點之間少了「所以這代表什麼」的收尾句，段落讀起來像清單。內容和單字其實都夠，差的是句子之間的連結。
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有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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