IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
這篇筆記： 整理工作題（求職、創業與 gap year）的核心詞彙、論點與主題句，再分享我的主題單字卡怎麼背、怎麼用，最後附小練習與解答。
Task 2 主題單字（上）｜共 3 篇
- 1. 整理方法與科技題
- 2. 環境題與教育題
- 3. 工作題、背法與練習（你正在讀）
五、工作：求職、創業與 gap year
工作題我寫過：專業人士該不該留在受訓的國家工作、一輩子待同一家公司還是換工作、工作滿意度和工作穩定哪個重要、縮短工時、競爭與合作，以及兩篇送批改的「自僱／創業」和「gap year」。我把它們分成求職、創業和 gap year 三組。
求職與職場：核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tenure | 任期、年資 | a longer tenure | it’s easier for people to be promoted if their tenure is longer than other counterparts |
| get promoted / promotion | 升遷 | better chances to get a promotion | working for the same firm grants workers better payment and chances to be a supervisor |
| job satisfaction / job security | 工作滿足感／工作穩定 | job satisfaction is more important than job security | （練習 29 題目關鍵字，開頭改寫用） |
| work–life balance | 工作與生活平衡 | maintain a healthy work–life balance | —（我在練習 29 用它支持「工作穩定比較重要」） |
| productivity / efficiency | 生產力／效率 | increase workers’ productivity | it increases workers productivity and efficiency（workers 要改所有格 workers’） |
| mental well-being | 心理健康 | enhance mental well-being | it enhances workers mental well-being（同上，workers’） |
| escape from a hectic schedule | 逃離忙碌的日程 | — | they can escape from their hectic schedule in their daily lives |
| foster one’s full potential | 發揮潛力 | — | competition can foster a person’s biggest potential（更自然：full potential） |
| a sense of belonging | 歸屬感 | boost a sense of belonging | cooperation boosts a sense of belonging for every member of a team |
| remuneration / be compensated | 報酬 | financial remuneration、be excessively compensated | （筆記）不要寫 gain extremely high payment，改 receive excessively high salaries |
創業與自僱：核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be self-employed / run one’s own business | 自僱／自己開業 | choose to be self-employed | a number of individuals run their own businesses instead of working for large corporations（Task 23 訂正） |
| pursue entrepreneurship / business ventures | 創業 | — | When pursuing entrepreneurship, people can reach their dream by increasing market shares |
| a flexible schedule | 彈性的時間 | — | By running businesses by themselves, they can undoubtedly have a flexible schedule |
| a sense of achievement | 成就感 | — | The second factor is related to a sense of achievement |
| external shocks | 外部衝擊 | be influenced by external shocks | running their own business is risky since it is easy for companies to be influenced by external shocks |
| unstable income / sources of revenue | 收入不穩 | — | they sometimes do not have stable sources of money or revenue to pay for themselves |
| small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) | 中小企業 | — | 我原本寫成 small and median corporations，median 是「中位數」，要改 medium-sized |
Gap year：核心詞彙表
| 英文 | 中文 | 常用搭配 | 我作文裡的句子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| school leavers / high school graduates | 高中畢業生 | — | 我原本寫 leaved students，後來全部改成 high school graduates |
| put theory into practice | 學以致用 | — | those high school graduates can put the theory into practice and learn real-world knowledge |
| enrich mental well-being | 豐富心靈 | — | traveling in their gap year can enrich those students’ mental well-being |
| get closer to nature | 親近自然 | — | National parks around the world, which give visitors opportunities to get closer to nature |
| a lack of competency | 能力不足 | — | it is difficult for those students to find suitable jobs due to a lack of competency and academic qualifications |
| a financial burden / go into debt | 經濟負擔／負債 | place an unfair burden on parents | it is difficult for them to afford the expenditure of accommodations, transportation, and the tickets for destinations |
可用論點
| 立場 | 論點 | 可以用的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 留在同一家公司 | ① 薪水隨年資增加 ② 較容易升遷 | 年資長的員工升主管機會高 |
| 換不同公司 | ① 認識更多人、拓展人脈 ② 面對新挑戰，得到工作成就感 | 公司常辦團隊活動，可以認識同事、主管和供應商 |
| 為什麼要自僱 | ① 彈性時間，有空陪家人 ② 成就感（擴大市占、公司上市） | 傳統工作班表固定 |
| 自僱的缺點 | ① 收入不穩定 ② 容易受外部衝擊影響 | COVID-19 疫情期間，很多中小企業撐不過去 |
| gap year 的優點 | ① 工作：學以致用、累積實務經驗 ② 旅行：放鬆、親近自然、開闊視野 | 世界各地的國家公園 |
| gap year 的缺點 | ① 學歷能力不足，找不到好工作，甚至做危險、低薪工作 ② 旅行開銷大，加重父母負擔或負債 | 住宿、交通、門票 |
| 支持縮短工時 | ① 休息足夠，生產力提升 ② 有時間陪家人、旅行，提升心理健康 | 去台灣南部旅行至少需要三天假 |
可套用的主題句＋例子
主題句：However, being self-employed sometimes seems to be disadvantageous. First and foremost, it is readily apparent that the salary those people earn is not stable.
我實際寫的例子（Task 23 訂正版，which influenced worldwide 建議再改成 which affected the whole world）：COVID-19, which influenced worldwide, is a good example of this matter. As a result of a lack of funding or shareholders, most small and medium corporations did not have the ability to overcome the difficulties when the pandemic happened.
我實際寫的例子（Task 23 訂正版，which influenced worldwide 建議再改成 which affected the whole world）：COVID-19, which influenced worldwide, is a good example of this matter. As a result of a lack of funding or shareholders, most small and medium corporations did not have the ability to overcome the difficulties when the pandemic happened.
這篇 Task 23 的分數是 7-8 / 7 / 7 / 7，總分 7。Task Response 拿得高，是因為兩個問題（為什麼、缺點是什麼）都有清楚回答，每個論點也有例子。文法上原稿寫成「most of small and median corporations do have ability…」，漏了 not，時態也沒用過去式，意思整個相反，這種錯在考場上一定要靠檢查抓出來。
學姊提醒：工作題有很多論點可以跨題共用：「心理健康」「歸屬感」「生產力」「經濟負擔」這四個，我在縮短工時、競爭合作、gap year、換工作四題都用過。先把這四組片語背熟，工作題就不怕沒東西寫。
六、怎麼背、怎麼用：我的主題單字卡
1. 一個主題一張 A4
每個主題整理成一頁，分成四區：①單字＋搭配（10–15 組就夠）②正反論點各 2–3 個 ③一個自己的例子（最好是台灣或個人經驗）④一個能套用的主題句。考前一週只看這幾頁，不再看整篇作文。
2. 用「想點」練習取代整篇寫作
我筆記裡有一區叫「主題想點」，就是只寫論點、不寫成文章。例如失業題，我只寫：原因（科技發展、自動化、機器人取代）→ 解決（全民基本收入、再教育、技能提升課程）。這種練習五分鐘一題，一週可以做二、三十題，比每天寫一篇整文更能累積「論點庫」。
| 題目 | 我的想點（筆記原樣整理） |
|---|---|
| 失業的原因與解決 | 原因：科技發展、自動化、被機器或 AI 取代 解決：universal income、re-education program、upskill program |
| 該不該一輩子做同一份工作 | 支持：薪水高、容易升遷、熟悉專業 反對：沒機會嘗試新事物、不會進步、少了建立人脈的機會 |
| 傳統能源 vs 再生能源 | 傳統能源用來發電，現在很多東西都靠它；全面淘汰會讓很多人失業 再生能源可永續 |
| 生物多樣性減少 | 原因：侵入或破壞動物棲地、都市化、全球暖化 解決：保育中心、基因技術、再生能源 |
3. 例子用「真實但具體」的，少編數據
我早期很愛寫「According to a study conducted by National Taiwan University, 80% of…」，幾乎每篇都有一個。筆記裡我自己也寫了提醒：「引用數據 → 醫學、產業可用（個人用例子為佳）」。編造的數據讀起來很假，而且常常跟論點對不上。後來分數比較高的幾篇，例子大多是 LINE、YouTube、COVID-19、台灣健保這種大家都知道的具體事物。
七、小練習（附解答）
練習 A：填入適當的單字
從框裡選：deprives、put … into practice、external shocks、habitat、a sense of belonging
- The ______ of polar bears has been shrinking due to rising ocean temperatures.
- A gap year allows high school graduates to ______ what they have learned ______.
- Small businesses are vulnerable to ______ such as a pandemic.
- Overusing smartphones ______ children of opportunities to develop social skills.
- Working in a team gives employees ______, which benefits their mental health.
點我看解答
- habitat
- put … into practice
- external shocks
- deprives
- a sense of belonging
練習 B：用本篇的單字寫一個主題句
題目：有人認為政府應該提高機票價格來減少空汙。請寫一個「反對」的主題句，並用一句話說明理由。
點我看解答
參考答案（示範）：The main reason why I disagree with this policy is that passengers would simply switch to other forms of transport, which also contribute to pollution. If flights became more expensive, many travellers would drive or take trains instead, so overall fuel consumption might not fall at all.
用到的概念：替代品效果（alternatives）、fuel consumption、if 條件句（第二條件句表示假設）。
用到的概念：替代品效果（alternatives）、fuel consumption、if 條件句（第二條件句表示假設）。
練習 C：改錯
- Learning comprehensive subjects makes students easier to adapt to changes in the workplace.
- Driverless vehicles result in the decrease in jobs vacancies.
- Those leaved students can conduct challenges tasks in the workplace.
點我看解答
- Learning a wide range of subjects makes it easier for students to adapt to changes in the workplace.
- Driverless vehicles result in a decrease in job vacancies.
- Those school leavers can take on challenging tasks in the workplace.
下集會繼續整理文化藝術與媒體、犯罪與監獄、城鄉與住房、社會問題（健康、長壽、貧富、風險），以及經濟商業與廣告，格式跟這篇一樣。
這是〈Task 2 主題單字（上）〉的最後一篇。想從頭複習可以回到 第 1 篇。
延伸閱讀
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 寫作語言（第 3 / 4 篇）
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✦ Target Your Future
有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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