
這篇筆記:架構 7 分、語言 6 分的 Both views 作文:用我的廣告題拆解單複數、代名詞和絕對化用語,怎麼一步步把 GRA、LR 拉低。
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看

這篇是我 2024/06/18 送出批改的大作文,是一題作業題:廣告到底很有說服力,還是已經多到大家都不理了?筆記上記錄的時間是 11:58 到 12:40,大約 42 分鐘,正文 332 字。分數是 TR 7、CC 7、LR 6、GRA 6,總分 6.5。
這篇和 gap year 那篇是同一週寫的,分數模式也很像:內容和結構都到 7,語言兩項掉到 6。但兩篇的語言問題不太一樣。gap year 那篇主要是自創字和冠詞;這篇則是單複數和代名詞,幾乎每一段都有「主詞是複數、動詞用單數」或「前面說 advertisements、後面用 it」的錯。
隔天(06/19)我寫的 Both views 題「競爭 vs 合作」(Cam19-1)拿到 8、8、7、7,總分 7.5。兩篇的題型、段落句型幾乎一模一樣,分數卻差了一分。後面我會把兩篇放在一起比較,看看同一套模板,為什麼一篇順、一篇卡。
一、題目與題型:Both views,兩種看法都要公平呈現
題目大意是:有些人認為廣告非常成功地說服我們購買東西;另一些人認為廣告太常見了,我們已經不再注意它。請討論兩種觀點,並給出你的意見。
這是標準的 Both views 題型。A 觀點:廣告很有說服力;B 觀點:廣告太多、被忽略。你要分別說明兩派的理由,再說你比較認同哪一邊。
| 段落 | 這篇的安排 | 是否符合題型 |
|---|---|---|
| 開頭 | 改寫兩種觀點+立場(廣告是有用的行銷工具) | 符合 |
| 主體一 | A 觀點:抓住注意力(Facebook 精準廣告)、介紹產品 | 符合 |
| 主體二 | B 觀點:強制廣告被跳過(YouTube)、假廣告讓人不信任 | 符合 |
| 結論 | 兩邊都有理由,但我認為廣告仍有用 | 符合,但多了一個新理由 |
整體架構是對的,這也是 TR 和 CC 都能拿到 7 的基礎。
二、分數卡與英文原文
四項平均 6.5,總分 6.5。以下為送出批改的原始版本,未修改:
原始送出版本(未修改,保留所有錯誤)
Some individuals think that advertising is persuasive, whereas others claim that advertising is useless because it is frequently been ignored. The purpose of this essay is to analyze both sides of this argument and explain why I believe that advertisements are a useful tool for marketing.
Advertisements is beneficial to some extent. The main one is that it helps producers to catch customers’ attention from various brands. In other words, if a person keep seeing an item’s picture from a specific brand on a regular basic, it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it because of deep impression. For instance, facebook, which predicts customers’ preference by previous purchasing behaviors, shows the discount of those goods to motivate customers to buy it. Another reason is that advertisements are a good opportunity for producers to introduce their products to customers. To put it another way, since people is so busy to search the functions or characters of goods, advertisements are brillant paths for sellers to promote their items.
However, some people advocate that the option of advertising is useless because it is so common that people always ignore it. First and foremost, people always overlook those mandatory advertisements. Take myself as an illustration. I usually skip those advertising videos when using Youtube, let alone focus on the information it delivers. In this situation, advertisements are useless because people will not concentrate on the advertisements themselves. Furthermore, it is readily apparent that people do not believe those information on advertisement because they do not know which one is reliable. With increasingly cases of fake advertising, people now always ignore those advertisements; therefore, advertisements are not able to grant benefits or enhance the incomes.
In conclusion, both sides are supported by some reasons. On balance, it is my opinion that advertisements are still useful since they provide a unique opportunity to introduce products and further attact more customers, as I feel that advertising is a relatively cheap and available marketing tool for most manufacturers and producers.
三、這篇為什麼拿到 6.5 分:四項逐一對照
以下是我對照 IELTS 公開 band descriptors 的分析。從 TR、CC 都是 7、LR 和 GRA 都是 6 推斷,主要扣分完全在語言。

| 評分項目 | 分數 | 評分標準重點(意譯) | 這篇的對應證據 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Task Response | 7 | 7 分:回應題目各部分,立場清楚,論點有延伸,可能偶有過度概括。 | 兩種觀點都有兩個理由;自己的 YouTube 經驗是好例子;undoubtedly、always 等絕對化用語造成過度概括。 |
| Coherence & Cohesion | 7 | 7 分:邏輯清楚、有推進,銜接詞使用有彈性,偶有過度或不足。 | 段落分工清楚;Take myself as an illustration 自然;The main one、it 的指代不清。 |
| Lexical Resource | 6 | 6 分:會嘗試少見字但不精確;有拼字錯誤。 | regular basic、brillant、attact、characters of goods、the option of advertising、advocate that … useless。 |
| Grammatical Range & Accuracy | 6 | 6 分:簡單句和複雜句混用,錯誤不少但很少影響理解。 | Advertisements is、a person keep、people is、it is frequently been ignored、it is undoubtedly that、those information、increasingly cases。 |
Task Response 7:兩邊都寫到,例子也具體
這篇的 TR 有幾個做得好的地方。第一,兩種觀點都有兩個理由,篇幅差不多,符合 Both views「公平呈現」的要求。第二,例子很具體:A 觀點用 Facebook 根據過去購買紀錄推送折扣,B 觀點用自己在 YouTube 會跳過廣告的經驗。尤其 Take myself as an illustration. I usually skip those advertising videos when using Youtube 這種個人例子,在雅思是完全可以用的,而且讀起來很真實。
沒有到 8 的原因主要有三個:
- 過度概括:it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it、people always overlook those mandatory advertisements、people now always ignore those advertisements。undoubtedly、always 這種絕對化用語,讓論點顯得過頭。看到廣告「一定會買」?大家「總是」忽略?這些都很容易被反駁。
- 立場和題目有一點錯位:題目問的是廣告能不能「說服我們買東西」(從消費者角度),我的立場寫成 advertisements are a useful tool for marketing(從廠商角度)。兩者有關,但不完全一樣。
- 結論出現新理由:advertising is a relatively cheap and available marketing tool 在前面完全沒提過,而且「便宜」跟「有沒有說服力」也沒有直接關係。
另外,我自己在 B 觀點舉了「我會跳過 YouTube 廣告」的例子,但最後立場卻是「廣告有用」,結論沒有回應這個矛盾。如果能在結論加一句「即使很多人會跳過廣告,精準投放的廣告仍然會影響購買決定」,立場就會更有說服力。
Coherence & Cohesion 7:結構清楚,指代偶爾出錯
CC 7 是因為段落分工清楚、每段有主題句、論點之間有推進。However、First and foremost、Furthermore 這些銜接詞用得不算多餘,Take myself as an illustration 也讓段落有變化。
扣分的地方在指代(referencing)。最明顯的是主體一第二句 The main one is that it helps producers…:The main one 的 one 指的是什麼?前一句是 Advertisements is beneficial to some extent,沒有出現可以被 one 指代的名詞(應該是 The main reason / The main benefit)。接著的 it 指的是 advertisements,但 advertisements 是複數,應該用 they。類似的問題還有 shows the discount of those goods to motivate customers to buy it(goods 是複數,應該是 them)、focus on the information it delivers(videos 是複數,應該是 they)。
指代錯誤有時歸在 GRA(代名詞單複數),有時歸在 CC(指代不清),但不管歸在哪一項,都會讓考官讀的時候需要停下來想一下「它是誰」。
同一套模板,隔天為什麼多一分?
我把這篇和隔天的「競爭 vs 合作」放在一起看,發現兩篇用的句型骨架幾乎一樣:開頭都是 The purpose of this essay is to analyze both sides of this argument,主體一都用 The main one is that…,主體二都用 However, the option of…,結論都是 both sides have merits / are supported by some reasons + On balance。差別在細節:
| 比較點 | 廣告題(6.5) | 競爭題(7.5) |
|---|---|---|
| 主體一第一句 | Advertisements is beneficial to some extent.(主詞動詞錯,沒有可被 one 指代的名詞) | There are some reasons why competition seems to be more beneficial.(有 reasons 可被 one 指代) |
| The main one is that… | one 找不到對象 | one = one of the reasons,指代清楚 |
| 主詞選擇 | advertising / advertisements / advertisement 混用 | competition 不可數,從頭到尾一致 |
| 例子 | Facebook、YouTube,具體 | 團隊專案、歸屬感,同樣具體 |
最有意思的是 The main one is that 這句。在競爭題裡,它前面有 There are some reasons,one 很自然地指「其中一個理由」;在廣告題裡,我把主題句換成 Advertisements is beneficial,模板的下一句卻沒跟著改,one 就懸空了。模板句不是獨立的零件,它和前一句是綁在一起的。換掉其中一句,另一句也要檢查。
另外,競爭題的主詞 competition 是不可數名詞,整篇動詞都用單數、代名詞都用 it,自然不容易出錯;廣告題則在 advertising、advertisements、advertisement 之間跳來跳去,單複數就跟著亂。當然,競爭題也還有不少語言錯誤(所以 LR、GRA 也只有 7),但它的錯誤沒有集中在同一類,也沒有影響段落的指代。
Lexical Resource 6:拼字錯誤和選字不精確
| 原文 | 問題 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| on a regular basic | 拼字(basis) | on a regular basis |
| brillant paths | 拼字+搭配 | excellent channels / effective ways |
| attact more customers | 拼字 | attract more customers |
| the functions or characters of goods | 選字(characters 是角色、性格) | the functions or features of products |
| the option of advertising is useless | option 多餘且不精確 | advertising is ineffective |
| some people advocate that … is useless | advocate 是「提倡、支持」,不適合接負面判斷 | some people argue that… |
| grant benefits or enhance the incomes | 搭配不自然、對象不明 | increase companies’ sales |
| catch customers’ attention from various brands | 介系詞 | attract customers’ attention among many competing brands |
| facebook/Youtube | 專有名詞大小寫 | Facebook/YouTube |
LR 6 的關鍵描述是「會嘗試少見字但不精確,有拼字錯誤」。這篇的 brillant、attact、basic 都是很基本的拼字錯誤;advocate、option、characters 則是看起來高級、但用錯地方的字。兩種錯誤加起來,讓考官很難給 7。
如果要從 LR 6 往 7 走,我覺得最短的路徑不是背更多同義字,而是先把「錯誤」降下來。拼字錯誤可以靠平常練習時建立自己的易錯字清單(例如 attract、basis、brilliant、receive、environment),每次寫完對照一次;選字錯誤則可以靠一個原則:沒有在例句裡看過的用法,考試時就不要第一次嘗試。advocate 的意思是「提倡、主張」,通常接一個正面的做法(advocate stricter rules);如果沒看過它接負面判斷的例句,考試時用它就是在冒險。把冒險的字換成穩穩的 argue、claim、believe,LR 不會因此掉分,反而會因為錯誤減少而往上。
Grammatical Range & Accuracy 6:主詞動詞一致的錯誤一再出現
GRA 是這篇最需要檢討的地方。我把錯誤分類之後,發現大部分集中在同一類:
| 錯誤類型 | 原文 | 修正 | 出現次數 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主詞動詞一致 | Advertisements is/a person keep/people is | Advertisements are/a person keeps/people are | 3 |
| 代名詞單複數 | it helps(指 advertisements)/buy it(指 goods)/it delivers(指 videos) | they help/buy them/they deliver | 3 |
| 被動語態 | it is frequently been ignored | it is frequently ignored / it has frequently been ignored | 1 |
| 詞性 | it is undoubtedly that/increasingly cases | it is likely that/increasing cases | 2 |
| 可數不可數 | those information/which one is reliable | this information/which ones are reliable | 2 |
| 句型 | people is so busy to search the functions | people are too busy to search for the functions | 1 |
最大宗的是「單複數」:主詞動詞一致 3 次、代名詞單複數 3 次、可數不可數 2 次,加起來 8 個錯誤都跟「這個東西是一個還是很多個」有關。這是很典型的 GRA 6:句型有變化(關係子句、分詞構句、let alone、since 引導的子句),但基本的一致性控制不穩。
let alone 也值得提一下。I usually skip those advertising videos…, let alone focus on the information 這句,let alone 通常接在否定句後面(I don’t even watch them, let alone focus on…),skip 雖然隱含否定,但句子本身是肯定句,讀起來有點勉強。想用 let alone 時,前面最好是明確的否定。
過度概括:把絕對說法改成有分寸的說法
TR 7 的描述裡有一句「可能偶有過度概括」,8 分則要求論點 well-developed。這篇的 undoubtedly、always 就是過度概括的典型。雅思作文不是辯論比賽,你不需要把話說死;反而是有分寸的說法,會讓論點顯得更成熟、更難反駁。
| 絕對說法 | 問題 | 有分寸的說法 |
|---|---|---|
| it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it | 看到廣告就一定會買? | they are more likely to buy it |
| people always overlook those advertisements | 所有人每次都忽略? | many people tend to skip these adverts |
| people now always ignore those advertisements | 同上 | people are becoming more sceptical of adverts |
| advertisements are not able to grant benefits | 完全沒效果? | adverts may be less effective than before |
常用的「降溫」字可以記這幾個:likely、tend to、often、many、some、may、can、to some extent。不過也不要每句都降溫,否則立場會變得模糊。原則是:描述事實和趨勢時降溫,表達自己的立場時要堅定。
Both views 的個人例子怎麼用?
這篇我在 B 觀點用了自己的經驗:我用 YouTube 時通常會跳過廣告。個人例子在雅思大作文是可以用的,而且常常比「研究顯示」這種沒有來源的說法更有說服力。但用的時候要注意兩件事。
第一,個人例子要放在支持那個觀點的段落,並且說明它代表什麼。這篇在例子後面接了 In this situation, advertisements are useless because people will not concentrate on the advertisements themselves,有把例子連回論點,這部分做得不錯。
第二,如果你的個人例子支持的是你「不」站的那一邊,結論要回應它。我自己會跳過廣告,卻主張廣告有用,讀者會好奇:那你自己為什麼還會被廣告影響?結論只要一句 although many people, including myself, skip adverts… 就能化解這個矛盾,甚至讓立場顯得更有反思。
四、這篇的重大問題
其中第一、二點是讓 GRA、LR 停在 6 的主因;第三點則是 TR 停在 7、沒能更高的原因。好消息是,前兩點都是「規則明確、可以檢查」的錯誤,不像論點深度那樣需要長時間累積。
為什麼單複數特別容易錯?
中文的名詞沒有單複數變化,動詞也不會因為主詞改變形態。「廣告很有用」「這些廣告很有用」,動詞都是「有用」。所以我們寫英文時,腦中其實沒有「主詞是幾個」的提醒,只能靠刻意檢查。
更麻煩的是,寫作時注意力大多放在「想論點」和「找好字」,文法控制會自動降級。我這篇的 people is so busy、Advertisements is beneficial,單獨拿出來看,其實都是國高中就學過的文法;但在 40 分鐘裡同時想內容、想句型,就很容易滑掉。這也是為什麼 GRA 6 的人常常覺得「我明明會」:會是會,但沒有在寫的時候被提醒。
我覺得最實際的對策有兩個:一是減少主詞的種類,例如整篇固定用 advertising(不可數、單數),避免在單複數之間切換;二是寫完後專門花兩分鐘,只看主詞和動詞,不看其他東西。
五、改寫示範:主體一、主體二與結論
以下是我寫的改寫示範。保留原文的論點(反覆曝光加深印象、Facebook 精準廣告、廣告幫消費者省時間),修正單複數、代名詞、拼字和絕對化用語。
改寫示範|主體一(A 觀點)
On the one hand, there are good reasons to believe that advertising is highly persuasive. The main reason is that it helps brands stand out in a crowded market. If a person keeps seeing the same product, it becomes familiar, and they are more likely to choose it over unknown alternatives. Social media platforms such as Facebook make this effect even stronger, as they analyse users’ previous purchases and show them discounts on items they are likely to want. Another reason is that advertisements save consumers time. Since most people are too busy to research every product themselves, adverts give them a quick summary of what is available and what each item can do.
| 改了什麼 | 原文 | 改寫示範 |
|---|---|---|
| 補上被指代的名詞 | The main one is that it helps… | The main reason is that it helps…(it 指 advertising,不可數,用單數) |
| 主詞動詞一致 | a person keep seeing | a person keeps seeing |
| 去掉絕對化 | it is undoubtedly that they will purchase it | they are more likely to choose it |
| 句型修正 | people is so busy to search the functions | most people are too busy to research every product |
| 從消費者角度寫 | advertisements are brillant paths for sellers | adverts give them a quick summary… |
其中一個小技巧:如果你對單複數沒把握,可以統一用不可數的 advertising 當主詞。advertising 是不可數名詞,動詞用單數、代名詞用 it,全部一致,比較不容易出錯。原文混用 advertising、advertisements、advertisement,單複數就很容易亂掉。
改寫示範|主體二(B 觀點)
On the other hand, critics argue that adverts have become so common that people simply tune them out. Many viewers, myself included, skip video adverts on YouTube as soon as the button appears, so the message never reaches them. In addition, the rise of misleading adverts has made consumers more sceptical. When people cannot tell which claims are true, they tend to ignore advertising altogether, which reduces its impact on sales.
主體二改了什麼:第一句用 critics argue that 取代 some people advocate that(advocate 不適合接負面判斷);個人例子改成 Many viewers, myself included,把「我」放進一個更大的群體,例子就不只是個人習慣;最後一句把原文不清楚的 grant benefits or enhance the incomes 改成 reduces its impact on sales,對象明確。全段的代名詞也統一:adverts 用 them,advertising 用 its。
改寫示範|結論
In conclusion, although many people skip or distrust adverts, I believe advertising remains effective. Repeated and well-targeted messages still shape what we choose to buy, often without our noticing, which is why companies continue to invest so heavily in it.
改了什麼:用 although many people skip or distrust adverts 回應 B 觀點(包括自己的 YouTube 例子);理由改成主體一已經論證過的「反覆、精準的訊息影響購買」,不再出現新理由;最後一句 companies continue to invest so heavily in it 是一個常識性的佐證,不是新論點。
六、可直接帶走的句型與單複數檢查表
| 段落 | 句型骨架 |
|---|---|
| 開頭 | It is often argued that advertising is highly persuasive, while others believe it is so common that people now ignore it. This essay will discuss both views before explaining why I believe advertising still works. |
| 主體一 | On the one hand, there are good reasons to believe that… The main reason is that… Another reason is that… |
| 主體二 | On the other hand, critics argue that… For example, I usually… In addition,… |
| 結論 | In conclusion, although…, I believe… because… |
單複數檢查表:這篇用到的易錯名詞
| 名詞 | 可數嗎 | 動詞 | 代名詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| advertising(廣告這件事) | 不可數 | is / helps | it |
| an advertisement / advertisements | 可數 | is / are | it / they |
| people | 複數 | are | they |
| a person | 單數 | keeps / is | he or she / they |
| goods | 複數 | are | them |
| information | 不可數 | is | it(this information,不說 those information) |
廣告相關字彙:哪些可以放心用
這題原文有不少用字問題,順便整理這個主題可以放心用的字。左欄是原文的寫法,右欄是比較自然的替換:
| 想表達 | 原文 | 比較自然的說法 |
|---|---|---|
| 廣告(總稱) | advertisements/the option of advertising | advertising(不可數)/adverts/ads |
| 加深印象 | because of deep impression | make a lasting impression/build brand awareness |
| 精準投放 | predicts customers’ preference by previous purchasing behaviors | targeted advertising based on users’ browsing and purchase history |
| 產品功能 | functions or characters of goods | features of products |
| 忽略廣告 | overlook those mandatory advertisements | skip unskippable ads/tune out adverts |
| 假廣告 | fake advertising | misleading/false advertising |
| 增加銷量 | grant benefits or enhance the incomes | boost sales/increase revenue |
這些字不用全部背,挑兩三個你覺得自己會用的就好。重點是:先確定拼得出來、知道單複數,再放進作文。
七、自我檢查清單與小練習
自我檢查清單
- ☐ 每個主詞和動詞的單複數一致嗎?(特別注意 people、advertisements)
- ☐ 每個 it / they / them 都找得到它指的名詞,而且單複數對嗎?
- ☐ The main one / Another one 前面,有沒有可以被 one 指代的名詞?
- ☐ 有沒有 undoubtedly、always、never、everyone 這種絕對化用語?能不能改成 likely、often、many?
- ☐ 不可數名詞(information、advice、advertising)前面有沒有誤用 those、many、a?
- ☐ 專有名詞(Facebook、YouTube)大小寫對嗎?
- ☐ 結論的理由,是不是主體段已經寫過的?
- ☐ 如果我在反方舉了自己的例子,結論有沒有回應?
小練習:以下每句都有單複數或指代的錯,請試著改正。
1. Advertisements is everywhere, and it influence our choices.
2. Many people is too busy to compare products, so they rely on those information in adverts.
3. Online shopping has several benefits. The main one is that it save time.
4. If a customer see an advert repeatedly, they will undoubtedly buy the product.
延伸練習:把原文主體二的最後一句 With increasingly cases of fake advertising, people now always ignore those advertisements; therefore, advertisements are not able to grant benefits or enhance the incomes. 改寫成一句沒有單複數錯誤、沒有絕對化用語、對象清楚的句子。
參考改法
同分數段還可以看
這篇是「架構 7、語言 6」的 6.5。下面是同一個分數段時,我覺得值得一看的幾篇:
- 雅思小分怎麼查?看懂四項小分:TR、CC 7,LR、GRA 6,看懂小分組合才知道要練什麼
- IDP 複查成功:寫作 6.5 到 7.0 的經過:我寫作卡 6.5 很久,最後單科重考+複查拿到 7.0 的經過
- 雅思網路資源推薦:我整理過的雅思網路資源
- IELTS 備考筆記總覽
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 分數範文(第 12 / 19 篇)
← 上一篇:6.5|Gap year 優缺點+意見,TR 7 卻被 LR、GRA 6 拉低
下一篇 →:7|物種消失是最大的環境問題嗎?TR 8 但 CC 只有 6
✦ Target Your Future
有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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