
這篇筆記: 先說文法為什麼會把寫作卡在 6.5,再整理我最常被改的單複數(each/every、people are、不可數名詞)和冠詞錯誤。
最常被改的文法錯誤|共 3 篇
- 1. 為什麼卡關、單複數與冠詞(你正在讀)
- 2. 介係詞、if 句與主詞動詞一致
- 3. 逗點串句與檢查清單
✦ 這篇筆記帶你看

寫作從 6.5 到 7.0 的那段時間,我每天最常看到的不是「論點不夠好」,而是一句句被圈起來的小地方:少了一個 s、多了一個 the、介係詞用錯、一個逗點把兩個句子硬接在一起。這些錯一個一個看都很小,但一篇 300 字的作文裡出現十幾個,文法那一項(Grammatical Range and Accuracy,以下簡稱 GRA)就很難上 7。
這篇把我在 Google 文件筆記裡的「文法大補帖」、作文訂正(大寫是改過的字,括號裡是我原本的寫法),以及 2024 年 5–7 月送出批改的 50 篇作文原稿,整理成一份「我最常錯的文法清單」。所有 ✗ 例句都是我當時真的寫出來的句子,✓ 是改法。建議大家邊看邊想:這個錯我是不是也常犯?
一、為什麼文法會把寫作卡在 6.5?
先看數字。那 50 篇裡,GRA 拿到 6 的有 4 篇:Gap year(試改)、Advertising(試改 3)、醫院地圖題(Task 19)、Porth Harbour 地圖題(Task 33),其餘大多是 7,少數 8。也就是說,我的文法其實不是「很差」,而是「穩定地有一些錯」,剛好卡在 6 和 7 的邊界。
| 小分 | 公開評分標準的重點(我的理解) | 對我來說代表什麼 |
|---|---|---|
| GRA 6 | 簡單句和複雜句混用,但複雜句的錯比較多;文法和標點有錯,但很少影響理解 | 我那幾篇 6 分,錯誤集中在單複數、主詞動詞一致、句子少動詞 |
| GRA 7 | 使用多種複雜結構,經常寫出完全沒錯的句子,文法和標點控制得好,但仍可能有少數錯 | 重點是「沒錯的句子要占多數」,不是用很難的句型 |
| GRA 8 | 大部分句子沒有錯,只有非常偶爾的小失誤 | 要靠交卷前的檢查,把低級錯誤清乾淨 |
我的分析是:GRA 6 跟 7 的差別,不在於你會不會寫分詞構句或倒裝句,而在於「錯誤句子的比例」。我早期很愛寫長句,例如「…, providing…, further leading to…, which…」,句子一長,主詞是單數還是複數、動詞有沒有加 s、逗點該不該斷,就很容易出錯。後來我改成「長短句交錯、每個長句寫完回頭檢查主詞動詞」,錯誤率明顯下降。
二、單複數:each/every、people are、不可數名詞
1. each / every 後面接單數名詞+單數動詞
這是我筆記裡第一條,也是我一直重複犯的錯。規則很簡單:each、every 後面接單數名詞,動詞也用單數。兩個例外要記:
- Each of + 複數名詞:名詞要複數,但動詞仍然用單數。Each of us has a wonderful time.(不是 have)
- every + 數字 + 時間:可以接複數。My mother has to visit the hospital every five weeks.
| 我寫的(✗) | 改法(✓) | 錯在哪 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ I am going to discuss why each views have its own opponents. | ✓ why each view has its own supporters | each 後名詞、動詞都要單數;opponents 也用錯,原意是「支持者」 |
| ✗ it is mendatory for each students to study for more than a decade | ✓ it is mandatory for each student / for all students | 想用複數就改 all,不要 each+複數 |
| ✗ the frequent trade between nations make each businesses more difficult to hold the market share | ✓ makes it more difficult for each business to hold its market share | 另外主詞 trade 是單數,動詞要 makes |
2. people 是複數:people are,不是 people is
people 本身就是複數(一個人是 a person),所以後面一定是 are / have / do。中文沒有這種變化,寫快的時候特別容易漏。同類型的還有 those who 後面接複數動詞、the elderly(指老年人這個族群)接複數動詞。
| 我寫的(✗) | 改法(✓) |
|---|---|
| ✗ since people is so busy to search the functions or characters of goods(試改 3) | ✓ since people are too busy to search for the functions and features of goods |
| ✗ those who is poorer or work for unsatisfactory job(Task 1) | ✓ those who are poorer or work in unsatisfactory jobs |
| ✗ the old people tends to make an appointment with the doctors | ✓ older people tend to see their doctors on a regular basis |
3. 不可數名詞:不能加 s、不能直接加 a
這一類是我被改最多次的。下面這張表是我自己整理的「不可數黑名單」,左邊是我寫錯的樣子,右邊是正確用法。特別是 advertising、information、police、research,大作文的出現率很高。
| 名詞 | 我寫錯的樣子 | 正確用法 | 要表達「很多/一個」怎麼辦 |
|---|---|---|---|
| advertising(廣告業/廣告活動) | — | Advertising is a key tool… | 要講「一則一則的廣告」改用 advertisement(s) |
| information | ✗ do not believe those information on advertisement | ✓ do not believe the information in advertisements | pieces of information / a great deal of information |
| police | ✗ Polices, firefighters, and soldiers | ✓ Police officers, firefighters and soldiers | police 是集合名詞,本身當複數:The police are… |
| time(時間) | ✗ spend a tremendous time using smartphones | ✓ spend a tremendous amount of time | a great deal of time / hours |
| money | ✗ which always costs thousands of money(Task 15) | ✓ costs thousands of dollars | a large amount of money / a certain amount of money |
| research | ✗ various research say(Task 7) | ✓ various studies show / research shows | 要可數就換 study / studies |
| knowledge | ✗ teach those related knowledges | ✓ teach the relevant knowledge | a body of knowledge |
| advice | ✗ asked for the advices with regard to their career | ✓ asked the elderly for career advice | a piece of advice / suggestions |
| productivity | ✗ most workers’ productivities decrease | ✓ most workers’ productivity decreases | — |
| infrastructure | ✗ to construct infrastructures | ✓ to build infrastructure | 通常用單數形 |
| pollution | ✗ it creates pollutions | ✓ it creates pollution | air and water pollution(用種類區分) |
| legislation / prison(機構意義) | — | be sent to prison、legislation is… | laws(可數) |
4. 反過來:這些字「要加 s」
另一種錯是該加 s 的沒加。我筆記裡的「可以加 S」清單,大多是「概念上本來就不只一個」的名詞。Task 2 很常用到:
| 常漏 s 的字 | 例句(✓) | 我原本寫的 |
|---|---|---|
| consequences / effects | it results in negative consequences for the public | Task 25 寫 negative consequences to the public(s 對了,介係詞要改 for) |
| salaries / incomes / payments | households with lower incomes;receive higher payments | households with lower income(Task 21) |
| qualifications | jobs that require high academic qualifications | jobs require high academic qualification(Task 25) |
| environments | people who work in dangerous environments | work in dangerous environment(Task 25、試改) |
| lives | in their personal and professional lives | in our personal live |
| shocks / bills / costs | external shocks、pay their bills、maintenance costs | external shock、their bill、maintenance cost |
| greenhouse gases | greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide | greenhouse gas likes carbon dioxide |
還有一個常見陷阱:a sense of belonging(歸屬感)的 belonging 不加 s。我在 Task 17 寫成 build sense of belongings,冠詞和 s 一次錯兩個。belongings 加 s 是「隨身物品」的意思,意思完全不同。
三、冠詞:the Internet、the younger generation,以及不該加 the 的字
冠詞是中文母語者的大魔王,因為中文完全沒有這個東西。我後來不再試圖「懂所有規則」,而是把大作文最常出現的名詞分成三類直接背。
| 類別 | 要加 the | 不要加 the | 要加 a / an |
|---|---|---|---|
| 固定搭配 | the Internet、the environment(指大自然)、the government、the public | society(泛指社會)、nature、technology(泛指) | a sense of belonging、a financial burden、a wide range of |
| 族群 | the younger generation、the older generation、the elderly、the financially disadvantaged | young people、older people(複數泛指) | — |
| 抽象名詞 | 後面有 of 限定時:the mental well-being of workers、the competitiveness of society | productivity、unfairness、pollution、education(泛指時) | a higher salary、a fair salary |
| 專有名詞 | the National History Museum(有 Museum / University 這類普通名詞) | COVID-19、Taiwan、Facebook、YouTube | — |
我的真實錯誤與改法
| 我寫的(✗) | 改法(✓) | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ a good choice for younger generation(試改) | ✓ a good choice for the younger generation | 族群名稱要 the |
| ✗ National History Museum in Taiwan, which is free of charge(Task 21) | ✓ The National History Museum in Taiwan | 機構名稱含普通名詞,前面加 the |
| ✗ The COVID-19, which influenced worldwide(Task 23) | ✓ COVID-19, which affected the whole world | 疾病名稱不加 the;influence 是及物動詞,要有受詞 |
| ✗ the importance of art in the society(Task 21) | ✓ the importance of art in society | 泛指整個社會,不加 the |
| ✗ undeniably leading to an unfairness(試改) | ✓ undeniably leading to unfairness | unfairness 是抽象不可數名詞 |
| ✗ results in financial burden of museums | ✓ results in a financial burden for museums | burden 是可數名詞,要 a;介係詞用 for / on |
| ✗ leading to a higher productivity | ✓ leading to higher productivity | productivity 不加冠詞 |
| ✗ do not get fair salary | ✓ do not get a fair salary | salary 可數 |
繼續讀 · 第 2 / 3 篇
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 寫作語言(第 1 / 4 篇)
下一篇 →:同義替換怎麼做才不扣分?通用同義字表、背景句公式與黑名單單字
✦ Target Your Future
有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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