【雅思寫作|小作文架構】小作文文法(3/4):數字與介系詞、主詞動詞一致

雅思寫作封面:小作文文法 數字與主詞動詞(PART 3 / 4)
IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
IELTS 官方標誌
標誌來源:IELTS

這篇筆記: rise by 和 rise to、percentage points、between … and 這些數字與介系詞的細節,以及 the number of、the percentage of 的主詞動詞一致。

小作文文法整理|共 4 篇

  1. 1. 六組文法、時態與比較句
  2. 2. 被動語態與關係子句
  3. 3. 數字介系詞與單複數(你正在讀)
  4. 4. 改寫示範與檢查清單
數字介系詞 by、to、at、from to、between and 的分別,以及 the number of、a number of、the percentage of 的主詞動詞一致
一張圖看懂:數字介系詞與主詞動詞一致

六、數字與介系詞:by、to、at、from…to

數字介系詞的基本表(rise to、rise by、stand at、peak at)在動態圖,這裡補兩個更細的區分和我實際寫錯的介系詞。

a rise of 5% vs a rise to 5%

寫法 意思 例句(示範)
rose by 5 percentage points增加的幅度(量)Spending in Country A rose by 3 percentage points.
rose to 13%增加後的終點(位置)Spending in the UK rose to 13% in 2000.
a rise of 5%名詞+幅度There was a rise of 5% in sales.
a rise to 13%名詞+終點There was a rise to 13% in 2000.
a 6% rise/a rise of 6%數字當形容詞(單數,不加 s)Nickel began the year with a 6% rise.
stood at/was at 20%某時間點的位置Spending in Portugal stood at 20% in 2005.
from 27% to 20%起點到終點Spending in Portugal fell from 27% to 20%.
between 31 and 38在範圍內The figure fluctuated between 31 and 38.

還有一個很多人忽略的細節:百分比的變化要用 percentage points。葡萄牙的道路支出比例從 27% 降到 20%,是少了 7 個百分點(7 percentage points),不是少了 7%(27 的 7% 只有 1.9)。考場上如果怕寫錯,最安全的做法是直接寫起點和終點:fell from 27% to 20%。

Ting 原文:介系詞與數字寫法

✓ 好句 Beginning with roughly 22% and 10%, respectively, in 1990, the figure for Italia and the UK both dropped slightly in 1995 but peaked in 2000 …
(Task 40)Beginning with … in 1990 交代兩國起點,peaked in 2000 年份用 in。

✓ 好句 In terms of Switzerland and Denmark, both of them showed a dramatic upward trend, from 1 million to 5.5 million and from 0.6 million to 4 million, respectively.
(Task 24)兩組 from … to … 配 respectively,數字順序和國家順序一致。

✗ 原文 The number of martial arts, at the same time, fluctuated between roughly 31 to 38.
→ 改法 Meanwhile, the number of participants in martial arts fluctuated between roughly 31 and 38.
(Task 29)between 配 and,from 配 to,不能混用。同一篇還有 at that year → in that year。

✗ 原文 Domestic emission, which steadily decreased, remained the least sources of emissions until 2007 in 0.2 million.
→ 改法 Domestic emissions decreased steadily and remained the lowest throughout, ending at 0.2 million tonnes in 2007.
(Task 36)數字前面用 at,不用 in;年份前面用 in;the least sources → the lowest。

✗ 原文 As regards Nickel, it began at 6% increase in January …
→ 改法 Nickel began the year with a 6% rise in price in January …
(Task 8)這張圖畫的是「每月變動率」,6% 是增幅,不是價格的位置。began at 6% 會讓人以為價格是 6%。

✗ 原文 The table compares the response of satisfactory regarding schools’ facilities in a British university over the year 2008.
→ 改法 The table shows how satisfied students at a British university were with its facilities in 2008.
(Task 47)只有一個年份,用 in 2008;over the period 才用在一段時間。satisfactory(令人滿意的)和 satisfaction(滿意度)也要分清楚。

✗ 原文 As for the length of underground railway, with the figure for 394 kilometers and 199 kilometers, …
→ 改法 In terms of length, the London and Paris systems were the longest, at 394 and 199 kilometres respectively.
(Task 22)with the figure for+數字是我很常用的錯誤句型,正確是 with figures of …,但最簡單的是直接用 at+數字。Task 42、Task 44 也有同樣的 with the figure for。
數字小錯 原文 改法
million 前有數字不加 s20.5 millions(Task 5)20.5 million
形容詞 vs 副詞decreased slight(Task 5);a steadily growth(Task 28);a slightly amount(Task 42)decreased slightly;steady growth;a small amount
大數字more than 1000 million passengers(Task 22)over one billion passengers
by far 的位置increased by far(試改2)by far the largest(只修飾最高級)

七、主詞動詞一致:the number of、the percentage of

主詞動詞一致在大作文也很常錯,文法錯誤整理第六節有完整說明。小作文特別的是:主詞幾乎都是「the number of …」「the percentage of …」「the figure for …」這種長名詞片語,核心名詞在最前面,後面一長串 of 片語很容易讓人看錯單複數。

主詞 動詞 例句
the number of+複數名詞單數The number of participants has increased.
a number of+複數名詞複數A number of new facilities have been built.
the percentage/proportion of+名詞單數The percentage of students was the lowest.
the figure for+名詞單數(兩個數字用 figures)The figures for both groups were above 85%.
分數/百分比+of+不可數名詞單數Four-fifths of water usage is for agriculture.
分數/百分比+of+複數名詞複數75% of undergraduates were very satisfied.
A and B複數Engineered goods and textiles show a similar trend.
名詞+介係詞片語跟著前面的名詞A new space for cafés and shops is constructed.

Ting 原文:同一篇裡一對一錯

✓ 好句 Overall, the number of participants for table tennis and musical performances has increased, …
(Task 29)the number of … has increased,單數動詞正確。

✗ 原文 … while that of amateur dramatics have witnessed a downward trend.
→ 改法 … while that for amateur dramatics has fallen.
(Task 29)同一句後半段,that 指的是 the number,仍然是單數。前半句寫對,後半句被 dramatics 的 s 騙走。

✓ 好句 Overall, the harbour has witnessed considerable changes; a number of new facilities have been built …
(Task 33)a number of+複數動詞,正確。
✗ 原文 On the contrary, students speak German and two other languages, the percentage were the least at 10%.
→ 改法 By contrast, the proportions of students who spoke German or two other languages were the lowest, at 10% each.
(Task 11)the percentage 單數不能配 were;這裡講兩個類別,可以改成 the proportions … were。

✗ 原文 Following this, the second highest percentages goes to school halls, which makes up 24%.
→ 改法 School halls came second, accounting for 24%.
(Task 44)percentages 複數配 goes 單數,兩邊都錯一半。

✗ 原文 Moving through study facilities, most students responsed positively; the figure for both student categories were all more than 85%.
→ 改法 Study facilities received the most positive response, with 85% of undergraduates and 90% of postgraduates very satisfied.
(Task 47)the figure 單數配 were all;而且大學部剛好 85%,不是「超過 85%」。

✗ 原文 As for Central Asia and South East Asia, more than four-fifths of water usage are for agricultural use …
→ 改法 … more than four-fifths of water is used for agriculture …
(Task 2)water usage 不可數,動詞跟著單數。

✗ 原文 Besides, a new space for cafes and shops are constructed next to a lifeboat …
→ 改法 A new area for cafés and shops has been built next to the lifeboat station.
(Task 33)主詞是 a new space,不是 shops。

✗ 原文 Overall, the revenue of four out of five categories increased by far in 2016, and the only exception were gems and jewellery.
→ 改法 … and the only exception was gems and jewellery.
(試改2)主詞是 the only exception,單數。同一篇還有 Engineered goods and textiles shows → show。

繼續讀 · 第 4 / 4 篇

改寫示範與檢查清單 →

IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 小作文架構(第 7 / 7 篇)

← 上一篇:地圖題怎麼寫?時態判斷、改變動詞與方位詞

小作文架構 · 大作文架構 · 主題攻略 · 寫作語言 · 分數範文 · 練習方法

→ 回到寫作攻略總覽

✦ Target Your Future

有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。

把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。

願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。

— Ting

← 回到 IELTS 備考筆記

Leave a Reply