【雅思寫作|小作文架構】地圖題(2/3):方位詞、分段方式與 Overview

雅思寫作封面:地圖題怎麼寫 方位詞與 Overview(PART 2 / 3)
IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
IELTS 官方標誌
標誌來源:IELTS

這篇筆記: to the north of、adjacent to、opposite 等方位詞怎麼用,依時間還是依區域分段,以及 Overview 怎麼抓整體變化。

地圖題怎麼寫|共 3 篇

  1. 1. 時態判斷與改變動詞
  2. 2. 方位詞、分段與 Overview(你正在讀)
  3. 3. 改寫示範與扣分點

四、方位詞:to the north of、adjacent to、opposite

方位詞是地圖題最容易「意思對但用法錯」的地方。我筆記裡特別整理過 to the north of 和 in the north of 的差別:

地圖題方位詞示意圖:指北針與方框 X,標出 in the north of X(範圍內)和 to the north of X(範圍外)、to the east、in the south-west,旁列 next to、opposite、in the centre of、surrounded by、running from A to B
in 是範圍內、to 是範圍外,其他常用方位詞一次看。
方位詞意思示範或 Ting 原文
in the north of X在 X 範圍內的北部Farmland lies in the north of the map.(示範)
to the north of X在 X 外面的北方two outdoor courts are located to the east and to the west of the indoor stadium, respectively(Task 38)
north-west/south-east方位複合字,南北在前a school in the west-south(Task 46)→ in the south-west
next to/beside/adjacent to緊鄰a new entrance … has been built next to the water feature(Task 18)
opposite/across from對面Cafés and shops now stand opposite the docks.(示範)
in the centre of/in the middle of中央a former fountain in the middle of the park(Task 18)
on the left/right of沒有指北針時用a changing room is on the left hand side(Task 38,小修:on the left-hand side)
along/running from A to B道路、河流a main road goes through from west to east(Task 46,小修:runs from west to east)
surrounded by被環繞a city hospital was surrounded by a ring road(Task 19)
 … a farmland is located in the north while a town is settled in the southern part of the river.
→ 改法 … farmland lies to the north of the river, while the town is situated to the west.
(Task 31,TA 6)對照圖,鎮在工業區的西邊,不是河的南邊;河南邊是工廠。方位寫錯就是資訊錯,會影響 TA。farmland 不可數,不加 a。

 Besides, a new space for cafes and shops are constructed next to a lifeboat, which locates across from the ducks.
→ 改法 A row of cafés and shops has been built next to the lifeboat station, opposite the docks.
(Task 33)locate 是及物動詞,「位於」要用 is located;docks 拼成 ducks(鴨子);主詞 space 是單數,動詞不能用 are。

方位詞的另一個重點是「參考物要明確」。工業區那篇我寫 a new medical center and shops will be constructed in the northeast and in the northwest of the roundabout,雖然前面剛提到新圓環,但圖上有兩個圓環,寫成 to the north-east and north-west of the new roundabout,多一個 new 就不會有歧義。方位詞永遠要搭配一個讀者找得到的參考物。

學姊提醒:有指北針就用東西南北,沒有就用 left/right/top/bottom 或「入口」當參考點。不要兩種混用:同一篇裡一下 to the east、一下 on the right,讀者會懷疑是不是兩個地方。

五、分段:依時間 vs 依區域

分法Body 1Body 2我的例子與 CC
依時間(推薦)舊圖(或現況)的整體配置新圖(或規劃)的改變:舊資訊+新資訊Task 31、33、38、46(CC 8);Task 19(CC 7)
依區域某一區的今昔對照另一區的今昔對照Task 18 中央、左側、右側各一段(CC 6)

依區域分段不是不行,很多人也會這樣寫。但我自己寫的時候,公園那篇每一段都要在 1920 和今天之間來回切換,時態一下過去式、一下現在完成式,第一段甚至把今天才有的「四張椅子」寫成 there were。依時間分段的話,Body 1 全部用過去式(或現在式),Body 2 全部用現在完成式(或 will),時態自然就不會亂。

依時間分段時,Body 2 不能只寫「新圖有什麼」,而要寫「什麼變成什麼」。我筆記裡的原則是:引用舊資訊,提出新資訊。例如不要只寫 There is a hotel,而是 The castle has been converted into a hotel。另外,每段第一句要有段落主旨,例如 Regarding the map now, …、Moving to its future plan, …,讓讀者一眼知道這段講哪張圖。

如果一定要依區域分

有些地圖改變非常多、而且集中在不同區塊(例如機場、校園),依區域分反而清楚。這時候有三個原則:第一,每段只講一個區域,段落主旨寫明是哪一區(In the western part of the site, …);第二,每段內部固定「先舊後新」的順序,舊的用過去式、新的用現在完成式,不要跳來跳去;第三,區域的劃分要用指北針或明確的參考點,不要用「左邊」「右邊」這種會因看圖方向而改變的說法,除非圖上沒有指北針。

Body 1 要寫多細?

依時間分段時,Body 1 的任務是「讓讀者知道原本長什麼樣子」,不需要每個小東西都寫,挑之後會有變化的地方就好。小鎮中心那篇(Task 46)我的 Body 1 寫了主要道路、兩排商店、北邊的鄉村、南邊的住宅、東邊的公園、西南邊的學校,剛好都是 Body 2 會再提到的元素,前後呼應,CC 拿到 8。

六、Overview:抓整體變化

地圖題的 Overview 不要列舉細節,而是用一兩句話說出「整體變成什麼樣子」。最常見的整體變化有這幾種:

整體變化Overview 骨架(示範)
更都市化、住宅變多Overall, the area will become far more residential, with factories giving way to housing.
設施增加、功能更多元Overall, the park has changed from a purely ornamental garden into a multi-functional space.
交通改善Overall, road access has been reorganised, with separate facilities for buses, staff and the public.
只有部分改變Overall, the harbour has seen considerable development, although its basic layout remains the same.
✓ 好句 Overall, the town is going to witness dramatic changes; roads are planned to be expanded, and several facilities are going to be built to cater to various users.
(Task 46)大方向(劇烈改變)+兩個具體方向(道路、設施)。

✓ 好句 Overall, it is planned to undergo dramatic changes; a number of housing areas and new facilities are going to be built in the future. Additionally, roads will be expanded and a new bridge will be constructed.
(Task 31)兩句都有具體方向。如果第一句點出「從工業區變成住宅區」,會更有力。

 In 2007, the only transportation allowed to park in hospital was car; in contrast, in 2010, it catered to various visitors by increasing the space of different transportation.
→ 改法 Overall, access to the hospital was reorganised between 2007 and 2010, with the addition of two roundabouts and a bus station, and separate car parks for staff and the public.
(Task 19,TA 5)原句 the only transportation allowed to park 和 increasing the space of different transportation 都很模糊,沒有說出最重要的三個改變。地圖題的 Overview 要「具體的大方向」,不是抽象的描述。

公園那篇(Task 18)的 Overview 也值得一提:In the past, most of the facilities were related to planet and nature; in contrast, now it caters to various visitors’ needs since it has changed into a multi-functioned park. 方向抓得很好,從「以植物和自然為主」變成「多功能公園」,正是兩張圖最大的差別。只是 planet 應該是 plants(又是一個拼錯但仍是英文的字),multi-functioned 一般寫 multi-functional。運動中心那篇的 Overview 寫室內空間會擴大、設施會更多元,也是同樣的思路:先找出兩張圖的「性格」差在哪裡,再用一句話說出來。

繼續讀 · 第 3 / 3 篇

改寫示範與扣分點 →

✦ Target Your Future

有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。

把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。

願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。

— Ting

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