這篇筆記： 用港口 Body 2 示範怎麼改寫，附地圖題詞彙表、常見扣分點和常見問題，再整理 20 分鐘寫作流程、寫完檢查清單和選動詞小練習。
地圖題怎麼寫｜共 3 篇
- 1. 時態判斷與改變動詞
- 2. 方位詞、分段與 Overview
- 3. 改寫示範與扣分點（你正在讀）
七、改寫示範：港口 Body 2
港口那篇（Task 33）CC 有 8，分段很清楚，但 LR 和 GRA 都只有 6，第二個 Body 幾乎每句都有文法問題，另外還漏了一個新增的設施：兩個停車場之間多了一棟淋浴間和廁所。下面是原文和改寫示範：
Regarding today’s harbour, more passenger ferries are allowed because of an additional constructed dock. A hotel is replaced the castle, and the private is been taken by a private one that only for hotel’s guests. Besides, a new space for cafes and shops are constructed next to a lifeboat, which locates across from the ducks. Moreover, the places which previously accommodated fishing boats and marina now changes to store marina and fishing boats, respectively.
Today, a second dock has been added, allowing more passenger ferries to use the harbour. The castle has been converted into a hotel, and the public beach beside it has become a private beach for hotel guests. A row of cafés and shops has been built next to the lifeboat station, and a second block of showers and toilets now stands between the two car parks. Meanwhile, the marina and the fishing boat area have swapped places.
- is replaced、is been、are constructed → 統一用現在完成式被動（has been converted、has been built），描述「過去到今天的改變」。
- the private is been taken by a private one → the public beach … has become a private beach：原句少了 beach，也把 public 寫成 private。
- ducks → docks；which locates → 刪掉，改用 next to 直接定位。
- 補上新的淋浴間與廁所：原文漏寫的新增設施。
- 最後一句用 swapped places，一句講完兩個位置互換。
另外，這篇的第一個 Body（2000 年）寫 two docks were constructed，但對照圖，2000 年其實只有一個碼頭，今天才變成兩個。Body 1 一錯，Body 2 的 an additional constructed dock 就前後矛盾了。這也提醒我，地圖題雖然沒有數字，「數量」還是要數清楚。
改寫示範：醫院道路 Body 2
醫院道路那篇（Task 19）是我地圖題最低分的一篇，TA 5、GRA 6。第二個 Body 的資訊大致都有，但時態和句構讓讀者很難看懂。這題是「過去 → 過去」，改變要用過去完成式：
In 2010, the section once housed a car park for both staff and public accommodated staff only car park. As for a park for public cars, it was relocated on the right side of the city hospital. In addition, former six bus stops had been knocked out, and there were two roundabouts had been built on two sides of the hospital road, connecting a bus station on the left.
By 2010, access to the hospital had been significantly reorganised. The car park east of Hospital Road, previously shared by staff and the public, had become a staff-only car park, while a separate public car park had been built to the east of the hospital. The six bus stops had been removed, and two roundabouts had been added at either end of Hospital Road, with a new bus station located between them to the west.
- 第一句加上段落主旨（access … had been significantly reorganised），讀者先知道這段的重點。
- the section once housed → previously shared by：原句少了 that／which，once housed 也不適合描述停車場用途改變。
- relocated on the right side → built to the east of the hospital：有指北針就用東西南北；relocated to 才是正確搭配。
- knocked out → removed；there were … had been built → had been added：片語和一句兩個動詞的問題一起解決。
八、地圖題詞彙表
| 類別 | 詞彙 |
|---|---|
| 地點名詞 | residential area、housing、industrial area、farmland、countryside、town centre、car park、roundabout、dual carriageway、pedestrian zone、dock、marina |
| 配置動詞 | be located、be situated、lie、stand、be positioned |
| 道路動詞 | run from A to B、connect A to B、lead to、cross、go through |
| 空間用途 | house、accommodate、contain、be occupied by、make way for |
| 整體變化 | undergo dramatic changes、become more residential／urbanised／modernised、multi-functional、cater to the needs of |
| 時間副詞 | previously、formerly、originally、once、now、currently、in the future |
九、常見扣分點
| 扣分點 | 影響哪一項 | 我的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| Overview 太抽象、沒有具體大方向 | TA | Task 19 |
| 方位寫錯 | TA | Task 31 把鎮寫在河的南邊 |
| 數量數錯、漏寫新設施 | TA | Task 33 2000 年碼頭寫成兩個、漏寫新淋浴間 |
| 依區域分段，時態來回切換 | CC／GRA | Task 18（CC 6） |
| is replaced 後直接接受詞、is been | GRA | Task 33 |
| 一句兩個動詞 | GRA | Task 19 there were … had been built |
| 片語誤用 | LR | knock out（應為 knock down）、be taken place by（應為 be replaced by） |
| 用 we、you 當主詞 | LR／語域 | Task 38 When we go through the stadium |
最後一點值得多說。運動中心那篇我寫 When we go through the stadium, there is a reception in front of guests，用 we 帶讀者「走進去」，是很多人教的技巧，但主詞 we 和後面的 guests 對不起來，語氣也偏口語。改成 Upon entering the building, visitors first reach the reception area（示範）就好了，或乾脆用被動：The reception is located just inside the entrance.
還有一種很常見的錯誤是懸垂分詞。公園那篇我寫 Upon entering the entrance through Eldon Street, a former fountain in the middle of the park has been replaced by a rose garden，字面上變成「噴水池走進入口」。用 Upon entering、Walking into 開頭時，後面的主詞一定要是「人」：Upon entering from Eldon Street, visitors now see a rose garden where a fountain once stood.（示範）。如果不想處理這個問題，最簡單的方法是不要用分詞開頭，直接寫 In the centre of the park, the fountain has been replaced by a rose garden.
十、地圖題常見問題
Q1：未來規劃要用 will 還是 is going to？兩個都可以，但 will be＋p.p. 比較正式，也比較常見。小鎮中心那篇我混用了 is going to witness、are planned to be expanded、will be built，意思沒錯，只是一篇裡最好以一種為主，再用 is planned to、is expected to 變化。
Q2：沒有指北針怎麼辦？以入口或主要道路當參考點，例如 To the left of the main entrance、Behind the reception。公園那張圖沒有指北針，我用 the left side、the right side 是可以的，但要從頭到尾都用同一個視角。
Q3：每個小設施都要寫嗎？改變的東西要盡量寫到，沒變的只要挑一兩個代表性的，在最後一句帶過（The main entrance remains unchanged.）。地圖題最怕的是漏寫改變，港口那篇漏了新的淋浴間，就是很可惜的例子。
Q4：可以用 there is／there was 描述配置嗎？可以，但不要整段都是 there is。用 be located、stand、lie、house 這些動詞，加上方位詞放在句首（To the north of the river lies farmland.），句型會更有變化。我運動中心那篇的 a gym is sitting to the north of the pool 想要有變化是對的，只是靜態位置用現在簡單式 sits 或 is located 比較自然。
十一、地圖題的 20 分鐘流程
| 時間 | 要做的事 |
|---|---|
| 0–3 分 | 看標題判斷時間組合（決定時態）；兩張圖並排，用筆圈出每一個改變：新建、拆除、改建、搬遷、擴大、沒變 |
| 3–6 分 | Introduction（The maps illustrate how X has changed since … ／ X as it is now and the planned development）＋Overview（整體變成什麼） |
| 6–16 分 | Body 1：舊圖或現況的整體配置，挑之後會變的寫；Body 2：每個改變用「舊資訊＋新資訊」寫，最後一句交代沒變的 |
| 16–20 分 | 對照圖確認方位和數量；檢查時態、被動、replace 的方向 |
十二、寫完檢查清單
- ☐ 標題判斷正確：過去→過去、過去→現在、現在→未來？
- ☐ 時態一致：過去式、現在完成式、will be p.p. 用在對的地方？
- ☐ Overview 有「整體變成什麼」的具體方向？
- ☐ 依時間分段，每段第一句有段落主旨？
- ☐ Body 2 用「舊資訊＋新資訊」：A has been replaced by B？
- ☐ replace 方向正確（舊的 is replaced by 新的）？
- ☐ 方位詞：to the north of（外面）vs in the north of（裡面）用對？複合方位南北在前？
- ☐ 新建、拆除、改建、搬遷都逐一核對，沒有漏？
- ☐ 數量（幾個碼頭、幾個停車場）數對？
- ☐ 最後一句交代沒有改變的東西？
十三、小練習：選出正確的動詞
2. The trees in the east ______ (被砍除) to make way for a car park.
3. In the future, the library ______ (將擴建) to the north.
4. The playground ______ (搬到) the south-west corner.
5. The shops along the main road ______ (保持不變).
參考答案（以過去→現在為例）：1. has been converted into；2. have been cut down（或 have been removed）；3. will be extended；4. has been relocated to；5. have remained unchanged（現在→未來題則寫 will remain unchanged）。第 1 題如果寫 has been replaced by a museum，意思就變成工廠被拆掉、蓋了新的博物館，和「改建」不同。
這是〈地圖題怎麼寫〉的最後一篇。想從頭複習可以回到 第 1 篇。
延伸閱讀
IELTS 寫作攻略導覽 · 小作文架構（第 6 / 7 篇）
← 上一篇：流程圖怎麼寫？被動語態、順序連接詞與 Overview 公式
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✦ Target Your Future
有些日子，明明練了很久，成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道，備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子，都是你已經走過的路。
把這些經驗寫下來，是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進，只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息，再回來做今天能完成的一小步。
願你最後帶走的，不只是成績單上的數字，還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。
— Ting
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