【雅思寫作|主題攻略】城市、住房與交通(2/3):核心搭配詞與實戰段落拆解

雅思寫作封面:城市與住房 詞彙與實戰段落(PART 2 / 3)
IELTS · 寫作攻略最後修訂 2026/11/09
IELTS 官方標誌
標誌來源:IELTS

這篇筆記: 都市化、住房、交通三組核心搭配詞,再拆解我 Task 6(7 分)、Task 41(7.5 分)的原始段落和地圖題的句子。

城市、住房與交通|共 3 篇

  1. 1. 常考題目與 8 條論點
  2. 2. 核心詞彙與實戰段落(你正在讀)
  3. 3. 示範、錯誤與練習題
城市題的詞彙和段落:三組核心搭配詞(都市化與城鄉差距、住房與房價、交通與公共設施),以及 Task 6、Task 41、地圖題三組實戰段落拆解
一張圖看懂:三組核心搭配詞與三組實戰段落拆解

三、核心詞彙與搭配詞

這裡只放「動詞+名詞」或「形容詞+名詞」的搭配,因為考場上真正卡住的通常是「這個名詞要配什麼動詞」。右欄是我作文裡的原句,保留原本的寫法;有錯的地方我在括號裡標出比較自然的說法。

都市化與城鄉差距

中文Ting 原文例句(出處)
hinder the development of rural areas阻礙鄉村發展labor productivity in the countryside will definitely decrease, further hindering the development of rural areas(Task 6)
threaten the advancements in…威脅…的進步the phenomenon of immigrating from the countryside to cities absolutely threatens the advancements in the countryside(Task 6;國內移動用 migrating,不用 immigrating)
the quality of living drops / deteriorates生活品質下降the quality of living in urban areas decreases considerably if an increasing number of people immigrate to cities(Task 6;quality of life 更常見)
overcrowding過度擁擠when a lot of rural people move to cities, overcrowded population happens(Task 6;改成 overcrowding occurs)
achieve long-term success達到長期成功all of which hinders the whole community in achieving long-term success and happiness(Task 6;hinder … from achieving)
narrow the urban–rural gap縮小城鄉差距(筆記)new constructions in the suburban area help to narrow the gap between cities and the countryside

住房與房價

中文Ting 原文例句(出處)
pose a financial burden on造成經濟負擔the fee to rent a house might pose a financial burden for individuals(Task 41;burden 搭配 on)
prove one’s financial capability證明經濟能力he needs to prepare a house first to prove his financial capability(Task 41)
a humble background出身平凡If a boy in humble background wants to marry a girl from rich family…(Task 41;from a humble background)
be overemphasized被過度強調the importance of family backgrounds will be overemphasized simultaneously(Task 41)
house prices / housing costs房價/住房成本the prices of houses are too high for youngsters to afford(Task 41;house prices are too high)
rental fees / rent租金having a house is indispensable in some nations because of costly rental fees(Task 41)
get on the property ladder買下第一間房(示範)Many young people struggle to get on the property ladder in big cities.

交通與公共設施(地圖題字彙也能借用)

地圖題(Task 1)描述的就是一座城鎮的變化:道路拓寬、行人徒步區、新的公車站、工廠改成住宅區。這些字放到大作文的交通與都市規劃題,一樣好用。

中文Ting 原文例句(出處)
a dual carriageway雙向分隔道路a dual carriageway will be built to connect the whole town centre(Task 46)
a pedestrian-only street行人徒步區The main road will be taken place by a pedestrians only pathway(Task 46;replaced by a pedestrian-only street)
a roundabout connects…圓環連接…a roundabout connects two roads, and eight factories surround the roads and the roundabout(Task 31)
be replaced by housing areas改建成住宅區the places that housed factories will be replaced by housing areas(Task 31)
cater to various users滿足不同使用者several facilities are going to be built to cater to various users(Task 46)
a staff-only car park員工專用停車場a car park for both staff and public located on the right of the hospital road(Task 19;was located)
ease traffic congestion紓解塞車(示範)Expanding the metro network is the most effective way to ease traffic congestion.
improve the public transportation system改善大眾運輸(筆記)workers will choose to go to work by bus or MRT when public transportation is available and cheaper

四、Ting 的實戰段落拆解

以下三段都是送出批改的原始版本,一字未改,錯字和文法錯誤也保留。我會說明這段為什麼能拿到這個分數、論點邏輯鏈哪裡完整、哪裡還能再補。

4-1 Task 6:鄉村人口移往城市(Positive / Negative)

題目大意:世界各地的鄉村居民都往城市移動,這是正面還是負面的發展?我選「負面」,第二個主體段寫城市生活品質下降。

OVERALL
7
TR
題目回應
7
CC
連貫與銜接
7
LR
詞彙運用
7
GRA
文法與準確
7

Moreover, the quality of living in urban areas decreases considerably if an increasing number of people immigrate to cities. To put it another way, when a lot of rural people move to cities, overcrowded population happens; consequently, the cost of living increases because of the scarcity of fundamental materials like housing and foods, which undoubtedly makes the quality of living drop. According to a study conducted by National Taiwan University, when the population in cities or metropolitans increased 10%, an increase of 10% expenditure on daily necessities happened simultaneously; therefore, the immigration detertorised the quality of living in cities.

做得好的地方:邏輯鏈是完整的。人口湧入 → 過度擁擠 → 住房與食物短缺 → 生活成本上升 → 生活品質下降,每一步都有連接詞(To put it another way、consequently、which)帶著走,讀者不需要自己補推理,這是 Coherence 能到 7 的原因。

主要問題一:例子是「看起來像捏造的數據」。「台大的研究顯示城市人口增加 10%,生活支出也增加 10%」,數字剛好一樣,讀起來很不自然。這是我早期最愛用的寫法,但它對 Task Response 幫助不大,因為考官無法判斷真假,反而容易覺得論證空洞。比較好的做法是改成假設情境,例如「如果一個城市的人口快速成長,而住宅供給跟不上,房租就會被推高」,用因果說服人,而不是用數字。

主要問題二:用字不精準。immigrate 是「移民到另一個國家」,國內從鄉村搬到城市要用 migrate 或 move;overcrowded population happens 是中式說法,改成 overcrowding occurs;metropolitans 要改 metropolitan areas;detertorised 拼錯(deteriorated)。這些錯誤不影響理解,所以 LR、GRA 還能拿 7,但想往 8 走就必須清掉。

4-2 Task 41:為什麼有些國家的人一定要買房(Two-question)

題目大意:在某些國家,擁有房子比租房子重要得多,為什麼?這是好是壞?第一個主體段回答「為什麼」。

OVERALL
7.5
TR
題目回應
8
CC
連貫與銜接
8
LR
詞彙運用
7
GRA
文法與準確
8

There are two reasons why owning houses is important in specific nations. The primary one is that the fee to rent a house might pose a financial burden for individuals. In some countries, the tax or payments of renting houses may be incredibly expensive due to the policy implemented by the authorities, especially in those countries which always motivate individuals to own their poverty. Another factor is that houses sometimes represent the social status. Take traditional Taiwanese culture as an example. If a boy in humble background wants to marry a girl from rich family, there is no denying that he needs to prepare a house first to prove his financial capability. Therefore, having houses is so important for some Taiwanese people to show off their status and the level of wealth.

做得好的地方:第一句就告訴讀者「有兩個原因」,段落結構一目了然;第二個原因的例子(台灣傳統上男方結婚前要先準備房子)具體、有文化背景,而且直接證明「房子是社會地位的象徵」,最後一句再扣回論點。這種「論點 → 文化例子 → 收尾」的完整度,是 Task Response 能拿 8 的關鍵。

還能補強的地方:第一個原因的解釋比較薄。「租屋的稅或費用因為政策而很貴」只說了結論,沒說清楚為什麼租屋貴就會讓人想買房。可以補一步:每個月付的房租和房貸差不多,但付房貸最後會得到一間房子,付房租什麼都留不下,所以大家寧願買。另外 own their poverty 是 property(房產)打成 poverty(貧窮),意思整個相反,這種拼錯一定要在檢查時抓出來。

學姊提醒:這一篇和 Task 6 的差別,不在單字難度,而在「例子和論點的距離」。Task 41 的例子直接證明論點;Task 6 的數據只是重複論點。想要 Task Response 從 7 到 8,就從例子下手。

4-3 地圖題的句子:小作文也是大作文的字彙庫

地圖題我送批改了好幾篇,分數從 6 到 7 都有。下面挑三篇裡跟「城市規劃」有關的句子,看看哪裡寫得自然、哪裡要改。這些字搬到大作文的交通、都市規劃題時,一樣用得上。

問題改寫
six bus stops had been knocked out(Task 19,總分 6)knock out 是「擊倒」,不適合用在設施the six bus stops were removed
the section once housed a car park for both staff and public accommodated staff only car park(Task 19,總分 6)主詞太長、少了連接,讀者很難斷句the car park for staff and the public was converted into a staff-only car park
The main road will be taken place by a pedestrians only pathway(Task 46,總分 7)take place 是「發生」,要用 be replaced by;複合形容詞用單數The main road will be replaced by a pedestrian-only street.
To the northern park of the pathway…(Task 46,總分 7)park 應為 part,拼錯To the north of the street…
the places that housed factories will be replaced by housing areas(Task 31,總分 7)寫得好:用 house 當動詞表示「原本座落著」可直接沿用

Task 19 的 Task Achievement 只有 5,主要是 Overview 對 2007 年的描述不準確、兩個圓環的位置寫錯(在道路南北兩端,不是兩側)、道路怎麼連接也交代不清,加上句子結構混亂,讀者很難看出「什麼變成了什麼」。地圖題的詳細分析可以看地圖題範文篇,這裡想強調的是:converted into、replaced by、relocated to、pedestrianised 這幾個「改變動詞」,在大作文寫「城市應該把市中心改成徒步區」這類題目時,就是現成的搭配詞。

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示範、錯誤與練習題 →

✦ Target Your Future

有些日子,明明練了很久,成績卻還停在原地。希望這篇筆記能讓你知道,備考路上遇到挫折並不孤單。一次次重聽的錄音、改過的作文、終於敢說出口的句子,都是你已經走過的路。

把這些經驗寫下來,是想陪下一個正在準備的人少繞一點路。你不必照著我的方法前進,只需要慢慢找到適合自己的節奏。累的時候可以休息,再回來做今天能完成的一小步。

願你最後帶走的,不只是成績單上的數字,還有更相信自己、敢往世界走近一點的勇氣。

— Ting

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